Training in cognitive strategies reduces eating and improves food choice
Training in cognitive strategies reduces eating and improves food choice
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1717092115
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发表时间：
2018-11-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kober, Hedy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boswell, Rebecca G.;Sun, Wendy;Kober, Hedy
肥胖率继续以惊人的速度上升，对健康造成了可怕的影响。一个促成因素是，人们经常放弃健康食品，转而选择廉价、高卡路里、不健康的食品。这些选择背后的一个重要机制是食物渴望：渴望随着接触不健康的食物(以及广告等食物线索)而增加，并前瞻性地预测进食量和体重。先前的研究表明，强调不健康食物的负面后果的认知调节策略可以减少饥饿感。在研究1和研究2中，我们表明，认知策略通过强调健康食品的积极好处，也增加了人们对健康食品的渴望，并改变了健康和不健康食品的食品估值(支付意愿)。在研究3和研究4中，我们证明了认知策略的短暂训练(“渴望训练的调节”；ROC-T)增加了随后的健康(与不健康)食物选择。这一点令人震惊，因为食物选择的这种变化概括为未经训练的食物。重要的是，在研究5中，我们表明，认知策略的短暂训练也可以减少93-121卡路里的食物消耗。摄入的卡路里与食物选择的变化相关。最后，在研究6中，我们证明了ROC-T的训练部分是必要的，超越了框架的任何影响。在所有研究(N-TOTAL=1,528)中，我们发现认知策略在很大程度上改变了渴望和食物价值，认知策略的培训改善了5.4%-11.2%的食物选择，并减少了不健康的饮食，包括肥胖者。因此，这些发现对肥胖的预防和治疗具有重要的理论、公共卫生和临床意义。
Obesity rates continue to rise alarmingly, with dire health implications. One contributing factor is that individuals frequently forgo healthy foods in favor of inexpensive, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. One important mechanism underlying these choices is food craving: Craving increases with exposure to unhealthy foods (and food cues, such as advertisements) and prospectively predicts eating and weight. Prior work has shown that cognitive regulation strategies that emphasize the negative consequences of unhealthy foods reduce craving. In Studies 1 and 2, we show that cognitive strategies also increase craving for healthy foods by emphasizing their positive benefits, and change food valuation (willingness to pay) for both healthy and unhealthy foods. In Studies 3 and 4, we demonstrate that brief training in cognitive strategies ("Regulation of Craving Training"; ROC-T) increases subsequent healthy (vs. unhealthy) food choices. This was striking because this change in food choices generalized to nontrained items. Importantly, in Study 5, we show that brief training in cognitive strategies also reduces food consumption by 93-121 calories. Consumed calories correlated with changes in food choice. Finally, in Study 6, we show that the training component of ROC-T is necessary, above and beyond any effect of framing. Across all studies (N-TOTAL = 1,528), we find that cognitive strategies substantially change craving and food valuation, and that training in cognitive strategies improves food choices by 5.4-11.2% and reduces unhealthy eating, including in obese individuals. Thus, these findings have important theoretical, public health, and clinical implications for obesity prevention and treatment.