THE CROONIAN LECTURE, 1991 - GENOSTASIS AND THE LIMITS TO EVOLUTION
THE CROONIAN LECTURE, 1991 - GENOSTASIS AND THE LIMITS TO EVOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1991.0079
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发表时间：
1991-08-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
BRADSHAW, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRADSHAW, AD
达尔文对进化的解释是，它是遗传变异和自然选择相互作用的结果。现在有很好的证据表明遗传变异的存在和自然选择的发生，后者可能在高强度。结果应该是迅速的进化变化;然而在实践中几乎没有发现变化。大多数物种都非常稳定，在一个物种中观察到进化的情况下，尽管有同等的机会，但在其他物种中通常没有发现任何变化。进化失败是司空见惯的。尽管存在高水平的蛋白质多态性，但有充分的证据表明，对适应性做出重大贡献的变异的供应非常有限。因此，有人认为，大多数物种缺乏进化可能更多地是由于缺乏适当的变异性，而不是其他原因：一个条件，其中术语“基因停滞”的建议。在这些情况下，适当的遗传变异是出于这样或那样的原因，进化是非常迅速的。有充分的理论和实践理由让我们更加关注新变异的供应机制，以及那些似乎没有发生进化的情况。
The Darwinian explanation for evolution is that it is the outcome of the interaction between genetic variation and natural selection. There is now good evidence for both the existence of genetic variation and the occurrence of natural selection, the latter potentially at high intensities. The outcome should be rapid evolutionary change; yet in practice very little change is found. Most species are very stable, and in situations where evolution is observed in one species often none is found in others despite equivalent opportunity. Evolutionary failure is commonplace.Despite the occurrence of high levels of protein polymorphism, there is good evidence that the supply of variation making a major contribution to fitness is very limited. As a result it is argued that lack of evolution in most species may be due more to lack of appropriate variability than to other causes: a condition for which the term 'genostasis' is proposed. In those situations where appropriate genetic variation is available for one reason or another, evolution is found to be very rapid. There are good theoretical and practical reasons for more attention being paid to the mechanisms of supply of new variation and to those situations where evolution appears not to be taking place.