microRNAs Make the Call in Cancer Personalized Medicine.
microRNAs Make the Call in Cancer Personalized Medicine.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2017.00086
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Denti MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Detassis S;Grasso M;Del Vescovo V;Denti MA
自从发现和RNA干扰出现以来，microRNA由于其普遍参与从生命到死亡，从代谢到通讯的细胞通路而引起了极大的关注。人们也普遍认为，它们在癌症中具有不可否认的作用，既作为肿瘤抑制剂又作为肿瘤促进剂，调节细胞增殖和迁移、上皮-间质转化以及肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移。此外，microRNA甚至可以影响肿瘤周围环境，影响血管生成和免疫系统激活和募集。microRNA与几种癌症相关过程的紧密联系使它们无疑与诱导耐药性或致敏性的特定癌症药物的作用有关。在这种情况下，通过microRNA的个性化医疗最近出现了在靶结合位点中、在microRNA本身的序列中或在microRNA生物发生相关基因中的单核苷酸多态性的发现，增加了不同人群中多种类型癌症的风险、易感性和进展。所描绘的场景意味着这些小的非编码RNA显示的总体变化对癌症药物的患者特异性药代动力学和药效学产生影响，从而推动个性化治疗的需求不断增加。事实上，来自组织或液体活检的microRNA也被广泛研究，作为疾病早期识别、进展和预后的有价值的生物标志物。尽管近年来microRNA被广泛研究，但缺少一个全面的综述来描述这些主题。在这里，我们报告了microRNA作为更好地理解个性化癌症生物发生，演变，诊断和治疗的工具的最新和关键总结。
Since their discovery and the advent of RNA interference, microRNAs have drawn enormous attention because of their ubiquitous involvement in cellular pathways from life to death, from metabolism to communication. It is also widely accepted that they possess an undeniable role in cancer both as tumor suppressors and tumor promoters modulating cell proliferation and migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, microRNAs can even affect the tumor surrounding environment influencing angiogenesis and immune system activation and recruitment. The tight association of microRNAs with several cancer-related processes makes them undoubtedly connected to the effect of specific cancer drugs inducing either resistance or sensitization. In this context, personalized medicine through microRNAs arose recently with the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the target binding sites, in the sequence of the microRNA itself or in microRNA biogenesis related genes, increasing risk, susceptibility and progression of multiple types of cancer in different sets of the population. The depicted scenario implies that the overall variation displayed by these small non-coding RNAs have an impact on patient-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer drugs, pushing on a rising need of personalized treatment. Indeed, microRNAs from either tissues or liquid biopsies are also extensively studied as valuable biomarkers for disease early recognition, progression and prognosis. Despite microRNAs being intensively studied in recent years, a comprehensive review describing these topics all in one is missing. Here we report an up-to-date and critical summary of microRNAs as tools for better understanding personalized cancer biogenesis, evolution, diagnosis and treatment.