New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate
New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate
复制标题
大气中新粒子的形成：从分子簇到全球气候
DOI：
10.1029/2018jd029356
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发表时间：
2019-07-16
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Renyi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Shan-Hu;Gordon, Hamish;Zhang, Renyi
新粒子形成是云凝结核形成过程中的第一步。新形成的纳米颗粒会影响人类健康、空气质量、天气和气候。本文简要回顾了NPF的发展历史，综述了NPF的最新研究进展，并概述了NPF研究面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。新的发展包括出现了最先进的仪器，可以测量核前簇和新成核的纳米颗粒，最小可达1 nm;多组分成核系统的系统实验室研究，包括在欧洲核子研究中心的宇宙离开室外液滴室进行的合作实验;在不同类型的森林，污染严重的城市地区，沿海地区，极地地区和高海拔地区观察NPF;并改进了成核理论和参数化，以考虑大气模式中的NPF。这些挑战包括缺乏对不同环境下气溶胶成核和生长的基本化学机制的理解，SO2和NOx对NPF的影响，以及人为有机化合物对NPF的贡献。同样重要的是开发能够检测3至20 nm颗粒的化学成分的仪器，并改进参数化，以在化学前体、温度和湿度的大范围大气条件下代表NPF。
New particle formation (NPF) represents the first step in the complex processes leading to formation of cloud condensation nuclei. Newly formed nanoparticles affect human health, air quality, weather, and climate. This review provides a brief history, synthesizes recent significant progresses, and outlines the challenges and future directions for research relevant to NPF. New developments include the emergence of state‐of‐the‐art instruments that measure prenucleation clusters and newly nucleated nanoparticles down to about 1 nm; systematic laboratory studies of multicomponent nucleation systems, including collaborative experiments conducted in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at CERN; observations of NPF in different types of forests, extremely polluted urban locations, coastal sites, polar regions, and high‐elevation sites; and improved nucleation theories and parameterizations to account for NPF in atmospheric models. The challenges include the lack of understanding of the fundamental chemical mechanisms responsible for aerosol nucleation and growth under diverse environments, the effects of SO2 and NOx on NPF, and the contribution of anthropogenic organic compounds to NPF. It is also critical to develop instruments that can detect chemical composition of particles from 3 to 20 nm and improve parameterizations to represent NPF over a wide range of atmospheric conditions of chemical precursor, temperature, and humidity.