Development of the supralaryngeal vocal tract in Japanese macaques: Implications for the evolution of the descent of the larynx
Development of the supralaryngeal vocal tract in Japanese macaques: Implications for the evolution of the descent of the larynx
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.20719
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Takahashi, Toshimitsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nishimura, Takeshi;Oishi, Takao;Takahashi, Toshimitsu
喉上声道的形态取决于口咽部的不均匀生长。人的咽部发育形成一种独特的结构，会厌与软腭失去接触。这种结构是由喉相对于腭的大幅度下降发展而来的，这是通过喉骨架相对于舌骨的下降和舌骨相对于腭的下降来实现的。黑猩猩和人类一样，都有喉的进化过程，但人类和黑猩猩谱系分化之前的进化路径尚不清楚。喉下降的发展，在6个生活的日本猕猴，恒河猴，每月检查在头三年的生活中使用磁共振成像，描绘的存在或不存在这两个过程和他们的贡献的咽部拓扑结构的发展。猕猴显示舌骨相对于腭的下降，但缺乏喉骨骼相对于舌骨的下降和EG从VL的下降。我们认为，前者的后裔只是一个形态的下颌骨生长的结果，后者对后裔出现在一个共同的祖先现存的人科动物。因此，喉的伟大的后裔的进化路径很可能是由一个模型，包括多个和马赛克的进化路径，其中这些发展现象可能有助于次要的语言能力在人类谱系。
The configuration of the supralaryngeal vocal tract depends on the nonuniform growth of the oral and pharyngeal portion. The human pharynx develops to form a unique configuration, with the epiglottis losing contact with the velum. This configuration develops from the great descent of the larynx relative to the palate, which is accomplished through both the descent of the laryngeal skeleton relative to the hyoid and the descent of the hyoid relative to the palate. Chimpanzees show both processes of laryngeal descent, as in humans, but the evolutionary path before the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages is unclear. The development of laryngeal descent in six living Japanese macaque monkeys, Macaca fuscata, was examined monthly during the first three years of life using magnetic resonance imaging, to delineate the present or absence of these two processes and their contributions to the development of the pharyngeal topology. The macaque shows descent of the hyoid relative to the palate, but lacks the descent of the laryngeal skeleton relative to the hyoid and that of the EG from the VL. We argue that the former descent is simply a morphological consequence of mandibular growth and that the latter pair of descents arose in a common ancestor of extant hominoids. Thus, the evolutionary path of the great descent of the larynx is likely to be explained by a model comprising multiple and mosaic evolutionary pathways, wherein these developmental phenomena may have contributed secondarily to the faculty of speech in the human lineage.