Mode and Structure of the Bacterial Community on Human Scalp Hair
Mode and Structure of the Bacterial Community on Human Scalp Hair
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DOI：
10.1264/jsme2.me19018
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发表时间：
2019-06
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kota Watanabe;E. Nishi;Y. Tashiro;K. Sakai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kota Watanabe;E. Nishi;Y. Tashiro;K. Sakai
人体不同部位的细菌群落是不同的。我们首次报道了人类头皮毛发上存在一个稳定的细菌群落，并证明了用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析其结构有助于个体区分。然而，人类头皮毛发上细菌群落的生态尚未被详细阐明。在这里，我们调查了人类发干和发根上细菌群落的模式、数量和系统发育，并展示了从一个有代表性的个体获得的结果。未经处理的头发的直接扫描电子显微镜观察证实，在人头皮的发干和发根上普遍存在细菌样球形体和杆状结构，毛发的细胞数分别为105-106cell cm−2和107cell cm−2。这些值与qPCR获得的16S rRNA基因拷贝数相对应。这些数字不受洗涤剂洗涤的显著影响。这些结果代表了来自不同头发长度、年龄和性别的许多人的结果。头皮发干和发根上的主要OTU是相同的，包括两种假单胞菌(变形杆菌门)，铜绿假单胞菌和劳森氏菌(放线菌门)和葡萄球菌(菲尔米丘斯门)。这些结果表明，人类发干上的主要细菌是本土的，来自发根。
Bacterial communities on various parts of the human body are distinct. We were the first to report the existence of a stable bacterial community on human scalp hair and demonstrated that an analysis of its structure by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is helpful for individual discrimination. However, the ecology of the bacterial community on human scalp hair has not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein investigated the mode, quantity, and phylogeny of bacterial communities on the human hair shaft and root and showed the results obtained from one representative individual. Direct SEM observations of hair, without a pretreatment, confirmed the ubiquitous presence of bacteria-like coccoids and rods on the shaft and root of hair from the human scalp, with 105–106 cells cm−2 of hair and 107 cells cm−2 of hair, respectively. These values corresponded to the 16S rRNA gene copy numbers obtained by qPCR. These numbers were not significantly affected by detergent washing. These results represented those obtained from many individuals with different hair lengths, ages, and gender. The major OTUs on the human scalp hair shaft and root were the same and included two species of Pseudomonas (phylum Proteobacteria), Cutibacterium and Lawsonella (phylum Actinobacteria), and Staphylococcus (phylum Firmicutes). These results suggest that major bacteria on the human hair shaft are indigenous and derived from the hair root.