Production and genetic characterization of the co-isogenic lines of a common wheat Triticum aestivum CV. S-615 for ten major genes
Production and genetic characterization of the co-isogenic lines of a common wheat Triticum aestivum CV. S-615 for ten major genes
复制标题
普通小麦普通小麦 CV 共等基因系的生产和遗传特征。
作者：
K. Tsunewaki;T. Koba
普通小麦的共等基因系。S-615是由以下10个主效基因组成的：紧密性状基因Con 2D，球球孢性状基因son 3D，芒抑制基因Hdon 4 B，5A上的B1和6 B上的B2，颖片多毛基因Hgon 1A，花序梗多毛基因Hpon 4A，杂种坏死基因Ne 1和Ne 2，绿化基因v1，3B。其中7个主基因表现出典型的孟德尔遗传方式，另外3个主基因（C，sandv 1）的传递频率低于相应的正常等位基因。S-615的节径、每穗小穗数和穗密度增加，但所有穗轴、芒、花药、空颖和外颖、籽粒和籽粒指数的长度减少。增加秆直径和厚度，和穗密度，减少所有第1和第2节间，秆，旗叶，轴，芒，花药的长度，Hd：每穗小穗数和花药长度增加，而芒长和空颖和外颖长度减少。B1：第一节间、轴、花药长度和籽粒指数增加，但穗密度、芒长和籽粒厚度减少。B2：每穗小穗数和花药长度增加，而芒长和空颖和外颖长度减少。增加了穗轴长度、每穗小穗数、空颖和外颖长度和谷粒指数，但降低了芒长和谷粒厚度。Hg：无影响。Hp：每穗小穗数增加。Ne 1：加速抽穗，增加空颖长度。Ne 2：节径和秆径增加。v1：没有影响。两个物种特异性基因，Cands，影响了大量的字符在各个发育阶段表达。这些基因被发现具有多效性效应，即它们至少影响两组相互依赖的性状。三芒抑制剂影响的字符数量有限，但没有证据表明他们的多效性。
Co-isogenic lines of a common wheat,Triticum aestivum, cv. S-615 with each of the following ten major genes were produced by repeated backcrosses; The geneCon 2D chromosome for the compactum character,son 3D for the sphaerococcum character,Hdon 4B,B1 on 5A, andB2 on 6B for awn suppression,Hgon 1A for glume hairiness,Hpon 4A for peduncle hairiness,Ne1on 5B andNe2 on 2B for hybrid necrosis, andv1 on 3B for virescence. Seven of them showed the typical mendelian fashion of inheritance, while three others (C, sandv1) were transmitted at lower frequencies than their corresponding normal alleles.The effects of those major genes on 24 characters of cv. S-615 were investigated, which are summarized as follows:C: Increased node diameter, number of spikelets per ear and spike density, but decreased lengths of all ear rachis, awn, anther, empty and outer glumes, and grain, and grain index.s: Increased culm diameter and thickness, and spike density, reduced lengths of all 1st and 2nd internodes, culm, flag leaf, rachis, awn, anther, empty and outer glumes, and grain, and grain index, and accelerated heading.Hd: Increased number of spikelets per ear and anther length, while decreased length of awn, and empty and outer glumes.B1: Increased 1st internode, rachis, and anther lengths, and grain index, but decreased spike density, awn length and grain thickness.B2: Increased rachis length, number of spikelets per ear, empty and outer glume lengths and grain index, but reduced awn length and grain thickness.Hg: No effects.Hp: Increased number of spikelets per ear.Ne1: Accelerated heading, and increased empty glume length.Ne2: Increased node and culm diameters.v1: No effects.Two species-specific genes,Cands, affected a large number of characters expressed in various developmental stages. These genes were found to have pleiotropic effects, namely, they influenced, at least, two groups of interdependent characters. Three awn suppressors influenced a limited number of characters, but no evidence of their pleiotropic effects was obtained.