Environmental urban factors (air pollution and allergens) and the rising trends in allergic respiratory diseases
Environmental urban factors (air pollution and allergens) and the rising trends in allergic respiratory diseases
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1398-9995.57.s72.5.x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.4
通讯作者：
D'Amato, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Amato, G
呼吸道过敏性疾病，如鼻炎和支气管哮喘，在世界范围内似乎正在增加，特别是影响生活在城市地区的受试者，这种增加的原因在很大程度上仍然未知。虽然空气污染所起的作用尚未得到澄清，但大量证据表明，城市化及其高水平的车辆排放和西方化的生活方式与大多数工业化国家中观察到的这些疾病发病率上升有关。实验室研究证实了流行病学证据，即单独或联合吸入某些污染物会对哮喘患者的肺功能产生不利影响。空气污染物不仅可能增加已经过敏的患者出现症状的频率和强度，而且可能促进易感受试者对空气中过敏原的气道致敏。通过附着在花粉粒和植物源性小颗粒表面，污染物可以改变这些抗原载体的形态并改变其致敏潜能。此外，通过诱导气道炎症，污染物可能克服粘膜屏障，因此“主要”过敏原诱导的反应。换句话说，空气污染引起的气道粘膜损伤和粘膜纤毛清除受损可能促进吸入的过敏原进入免疫系统细胞。
Respiratory allergic diseases such as rhinitis and bronchial asthma appear to be increasing worldwide, affecting in particular subjects living in urban areas, and the reasons for this increase are still largely unknown. Although the role played by air pollution has yet to be clarified, a body of evidence suggests that urbanization, with its high levels of vehicle emissions and a westernised lifestyle are linked to the rising frequency of these diseases observed in most industrialized countries. Laboratory studies confirm the epidemiological evidence that inhalation of some pollutants, either individually or in combination, adversely affect lung function in asthmatics. Air pollutants may not only increase the frequency and intensity of symptoms in already allergic patients but may promote airway sensitization to airborne allergens in predisposed subjects. By attaching to the surface of pollen grains and of plant-derived paucimicronic particles, pollutants can modify the morphology of these antigen-carrying agents and alter their allergenic potential. In addition, by inducing airway inflammation, pollutants may overcome the mucosal barrier and so 'prime' allergen-induced responses. In other words airway mucosal damage and impaired mucociliary clearance induced by air pollution may facilitate the access of inhaled allergens to the cells of the immune system.