Practice and philosophy of climate model tuning across six U.S. modeling centers.
Practice and philosophy of climate model tuning across six U.S. modeling centers.
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DOI：
10.5194/gmd-10-3207-2017
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
G. Schmidt;D. Bader;L. Donner;G. Elsaesser;J. Golaz;C. Hannay;A. Molod;R. Neale;S. Saha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Schmidt;D. Bader;L. Donner;G. Elsaesser;J. Golaz;C. Hannay;A. Molod;R. Neale;S. Saha
模型校准（或“调整”）是开发和测试海洋-大气耦合气候模型的必要组成部分，无论其主要科学目的如何。人们越来越认识到，这一过程需要对气候模型输出的用户和其他开发人员变得更加透明。了解如何以及为何调整气候模型以及使用哪些目标对于避免将熟练的预测错误归因于数据适应至关重要，反之亦然。本文介绍了美国六大气候模拟中心的模型调整方法和实践。虽然不同群体在科学任务、调整目标和可调参数方面的细节有所不同，但方法有一个核心共同点。然而，实践在一些关键方面存在显着差异，特别是在使用初始化预测分析作为工具、明确使用历史瞬态记录以及使用当前辐射失衡与工业化前隐含平衡作为目标方面。
Model calibration (or "tuning") is a necessary part of developing and testing coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models regardless of their main scientific purpose. There is an increasing recognition that this process needs to become more transparent for both users of climate model output and other developers. Knowing how and why climate models are tuned and which targets are used is essential to avoiding possible misattributions of skillful predictions to data accommodation and vice versa. This paper describes the approach and practice of model tuning for the six major U.S. climate modeling centers. While details differ among groups in terms of scientific missions, tuning targets and tunable parameters, there is a core commonality of approaches. However, practices differ significantly on some key aspects, in particular, in the use of initialized forecast analyses as a tool, the explicit use of the historical transient record, and the use of the present day radiative imbalance vs. the implied balance in the pre-industrial as a target.