Lessons from the English auxiliary system
Lessons from the English auxiliary system
复制标题
英语辅助系统的教训
作者：
I. Sag;R. Chaves;Abeillé;Bruno Estigarribia;D. Flickinger;P. Kay;Laura A. Michaelis;Stefan Müller;G. Pullum;F. V. Eynde;T. Wasow
英语助词系统表现出许多词汇上的例外和次要现象，以及相当大的方言变异，这些在生成分析和讨论中经常被省略。本文运用词汇主义和构式分析的方法对《符号构式语法》(Sag 2010，Michaelis 2011，Boas&Sag 2012)中的英语助词系统进行了详细的、自由的描述。由此产生的语言知识概念涉及直接许可层级结构的约束(如在上下文无关文法中)，而不是通过呼吁在此类结构上的映射。这使得英语助词可以被建模为一类动词，其行为受到一般的和特定于类的限制。这一解释的核心是特征AUX的一种新颖的使用，该特征在构造和词汇上都被设置，允许各种语法约束之间的复杂相互作用，该语法约束捕获了广泛的异常模式，最显著的是非重读DO的令人烦恼的分布，以及省略可以与分析的其他方面交互作用以产生产生EAS复杂事实所需的馈送和阻塞关系。目前的方法在描述上和理论上都优于现有的转换方法，但也削弱了Berwick等人关于语言和习得生物学的观点。(2011)，它集中在以依赖于结构的方式操纵层级短语结构的映射。
The English auxiliary system exhibits many lexical exceptions and subregularities, and considerable dialectal variation, all of which are frequently omitted from generative analyses and discussions. This paper presents a detailed, movement-free account of the English Auxiliary System within Sign-Based Construction Grammar (Sag 2010, Michaelis 2011, Boas & Sag 2012) that utilizes techniques of lexicalist and construction-based analysis. The resulting conception of linguistic knowledge involves constraints that license hierarchical structures directly (as in context-free grammar), rather than by appeal to mappings over such structures. This allows English auxiliaries to be modeled as a class of verbs whose behavior is governed by general and class-specific constraints. Central to this account is a novel use of the feature aux, which is set both constructionally and lexically, allowing for a complex interplay between various grammatical constraints that captures a wide range of exceptional patterns, most notably the vexing distribution of unstressed do, and the fact that Ellipsis can interact with other aspects of the analysis to produce the feeding and blocking relations that are needed to generate the complex facts of EAS. The present approach, superior both descriptively and theoretically to existing transformational approaches, also serves to undermine views of the biology of language and acquisition such as Berwick et al. (2011), which are centered on mappings that manipulate hierarchical phrase structures in a structure-dependent fashion.