Characterization of Opposite-Direction Road Departure Crashes in the United States
Characterization of Opposite-Direction Road Departure Crashes in the United States
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美国反方向道路出发事故的特征
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Gabler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kristofer D. Kusano;H. Gabler
相反方向的碰撞可能非常严重，因为对面的车辆通常具有较高的相对速度。本研究的目的是描述反方向碰撞的总体频率以及涉及死亡和重伤的碰撞频率。该研究的结果将指导未来的研究和投资，在基础设施为基础的对策，以反方向的碰撞，如中心线隆隆带。该研究使用了2010年美国国家汽车抽样系统（NASS）通用估计系统、2006年至2010年NASS耐撞性数据系统和2010年死亡分析报告系统的数据。最常见的反向碰撞情况是驾驶员离开道路，在中心线或道路边缘向左行驶，这只占非交叉口车辆对车辆碰撞的5%，但44%的严重伤害和49%的致命碰撞。在向左交叉的车祸中，72%的致命车祸发生在农村、无分隔的双车道公路上，2010年共发生1,659起致命车祸。在农村双车道公路上的交叉向左碰撞中，88%至94%的碰撞中司机是直行或转弯。在严重伤害事故和致命事故中，司机超车的比例分别为2%和6%。曲线上的交叉向左碰撞更多地发生在曲线外侧，而不是曲线内侧。本研究建议反方向碰撞的对策应集中在农村双车道道路。
Opposite-direction crashes can be extremely severe because opposing vehicles often have high relative speeds. The objective of this study was to characterize the overall frequency of opposite-direction crashes as well as the frequency of crashes involving fatalities and serious injuries. The results of the study will guide future research and investment in infrastructure-based countermeasures to opposite-direction crashes, such as centerline rumble strips. The study used data from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General Estimates System for 2010, the NASS Crashworthiness Data System for 2006 to 2010, and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2010. The most common opposite-direction crash scenario was a driver departing the road driving over the centerline or the road edge to the left, which accounted for only 5% of nonjunction vehicle-to-vehicle crashes but 44% of serious injury and 49% of fatal crashes of the same type. Of the cross-over-to-left crashes, 72% of fatal crashes occurred on rural, undivided, two-lane roads and accounted for 1,659 fatal crashes in 2010. In cross-over-to-left crashes on rural two-lane roads, the driver was going straight or negotiating a curve in 88% to 94% of the crashes. The driver was overtaking another vehicle in only 2% of serious injury crashes and 6% of fatal crashes. Cross-over-to-left crashes on curves were to the outside of the curve more often than to the inside of the curve. This research suggests that countermeasures to opposite-direction crashes should focus on rural two-lane roads.