Temperature limits to deep subseafloor life in the Nankai Trough subduction zone
Temperature limits to deep subseafloor life in the Nankai Trough subduction zone
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abd7934
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发表时间：
2020-12-04
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuer, Verena B.;Inagaki, Fumio;Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
海洋次表层沉积物中的微生物对全球生物量有很大贡献。温度高于40摄氏度的沉积物约占海洋沉积物总量的一半，但人们对这些难以进入的环境中微生物种群介导的过程知之甚少。我们调查了南海海槽俯冲带中高达1.2毫米深和高达120摄氏度的热沉积物中的微生物生命。高于45摄氏度，营养细胞的浓度下降两个数量级，内生孢子变得比营养细胞丰富6000倍以上。甲烷是生物产生和氧化的，直到沉积物达到80摄氏度到85摄氏度。在100摄氏度至120摄氏度的沉积物中，同位素证据和增加的细胞浓度证明了降解乙酸盐的超嗜热菌的活性。在45摄氏度以上，人口密集的区域与192米厚的区域交替出现，在那里微生物无法检测到。
Microorganisms in marine subsurface sediments substantially contribute to global biomass. Sediments warmer than 40 degrees C account for roughly half the marine sediment volume, but the processes mediated by microbial populations in these hard-to-access environments are poorly understood. We investigated microbial life in up to 1.2-kilometer-deep and up to 120 degrees C hot sediments in the Nankai Trough subduction zone. Above 45 degrees C, concentrations of vegetative cells drop two orders of magnitude and endospores become more than 6000 times more abundant than vegetative cells. Methane is biologically produced and oxidized until sediments reach 80 degrees to 85 degrees C. In 100 degrees to 120 degrees C sediments, isotopic evidence and increased cell concentrations demonstrate the activity of acetate-degrading hyperthermophiles. Above 45 degrees C, populated zones alternate with zones up to 192 meters thick where microbes were undetectable.