Urban plant diversity in Los Angeles, California: Species and functional type turnover in cultivated landscapes
Urban plant diversity in Los Angeles, California: Species and functional type turnover in cultivated landscapes
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DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.10067
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Trammell, Tara L. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avolio, Meghan;Pataki, Diane E.;Trammell, Tara L. E.
人们出于不同的目的和不同的程度在城市中种植、移除和管理城市植被。对植物的直接操作影响了人们从植物中获得的益处。在综合几项对洛杉矶城市生物多样性的研究中，我们发现栽培植物与自然遗迹中的植物不同。这突出了研究城市栽培植物的重要性，这对可持续城市的设计和规划至关重要。居民在洛杉矶创造了一个新的城市生物群落，这对相关的生物产生了影响，最终导致社会有责任决定我们希望创造什么类型的生物群落。摘要城市化是全球生物多样性的一个重要驱动力。在城市中，城市树木，花园和住宅庭院对植物生物多样性做出了广泛的贡献，尽管植物栽培对生物多样性的影响和机制尚不确定。以美国加州的洛杉矶为例，对该地区的植物多样性进行了调查。我们合成了量化洛杉矶城市树木、住宅庭院和社区花园多样性、苗圃植物可用性以及居民对植物属性的态度的数据集。耕地植物多样性与自然遗存区有很大不同，耕地植物多样性与自然遗存区相比，外来种较多，植物种类多一倍以上，植物功能性状分布也有较大变化。在种植区，大多数植物是有意种植的，以观赏性外来物种为主。在洛杉矶采样的大多数树种都可以在当地苗圃销售。居民对特定植物性状的偏好与植物群落的性状组成相关，表明栽培植物群落至少部分反映了居民的偏好。我们的研究结果表明，在一个多样化的大城市中，种植物种的重要性部分是通过商业分销来驱动的。洛杉矶的植物栽培通过物种组成和功能性状分布的变化极大地增加了区域植物的生物多样性。与无人管理或残存的城市地区相比，种植物种的普遍存在可能对居民及其获得的生态系统服务产生许多后果。
Societal Impact Statement People plant, remove, and manage urban vegetation in cities for varying purposes and to varying extents. The direct manipulation of plants affects the benefits people receive from plants. In synthesizing several studies of urban biodiversity in Los Angeles, we find that cultivated plants differ from those in remnant natural areas. This highlights the importance of studying cultivated plants in cities, which is crucial for the design and planning of sustainable cities. Residents have created a new urban biome in Los Angeles, and this has consequences for associated organisms, ultimately resulting in a responsibility for society to determine what type of biome we wish to create.Summary Urbanization is a large driver of biodiversity globally. Within cities, urban trees, gardens, and residential yards contribute extensively to plant biodiversity, although the consequences and mechanisms of plant cultivation for biodiversity are uncertain. We used Los Angeles, California, USA as a case study for investigating plant diversity in cultivated areas. We synthesized datasets quantifying the diversity of urban trees, residential yards, and community gardens in Los Angeles, the availability of plants from nurseries, and residents' attitudes about plant attributes. Cultivated plant diversity was drastically different from remnant natural areas; compared to remnant natural areas, cultivated areas contained more exotic species, more than double the number of plant species, and turnover in plant functional trait distributions. In cultivated areas, most plants were intentionally planted and dominated by exotic species planted for ornamental purposes. Most tree species sampled in Los Angeles were available for sale in local nurseries. Residents' preferences for specific plant traits were correlated with the trait composition of the plant community, suggesting cultivated plant communities at least partially reflect resident preferences. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cultivated species in a diverse megacity that are driven in part through commercial distribution. The cultivation of plants in Los Angeles greatly increases regional plant biodiversity through changes in species composition and functional trait distributions. The pervasive presence of cultivated species likely has many consequences for residents and the ecosystem services they receive compared with unmanaged or remnant urban areas.