Spatio-temporal distribution of reactive nitrogen species in relation to wheat cultivation in Bangladesh
Spatio-temporal distribution of reactive nitrogen species in relation to wheat cultivation in Bangladesh
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DOI：
10.1007/s42452-020-04120-z
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
J. Biswas;M. Hossain;M. Maniruzzaman;M. Haque;S. Akhter;U. Naher;M. M. Rahman-M.;T. Adhya;M. S
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Biswas;M. Hossain;M. Maniruzzaman;M. Haque;S. Akhter;U. Naher;M. M. Rahman-M.;T. Adhya;M. S
在孟加拉国，由于氮肥的明显生长症状，农民通常比其他作物使用更多的氮肥。这种做法是对环境的额外反应性N（Nr）负载的原因，但数据不可用。通过田间试验，采用静态密闭箱法采集N2 O数据，并结合土壤粘粒含量、pH值、容重和有机碳含量对反硝化反硝化模型进行了沿着验证。该模型拟合良好，估计拉杰沙希地区的N2 O-N排放量约为364 g ha− 1，巴里萨尔地区仅为15 g N2 O-N ha− 1。各区N2 O-N排放量在< 1-15.96 t季节-1之间变化。2011-2016年，孟加拉国麦田的N2 O-N排放量约为103-129吨/年。在环境温度条件下，该模型估计的一氧化氮（NO）、氨（NH3）和硝酸盐（NO3）通量分别为0.012 - 0.447、7 - 12.5和0 - 4.7 kg N ha−1。约79%的产量变异可由N_2O排放量解释。在小麦主产区，如果在11月15日至30日开始播种，N2 O排放量将减少8-40%，产量将减少5-13%。在相似的面积和相同的播种期，气温升高1.5 °C，N_2O排放量增加8-45%，小麦产量减少4- 8%。小麦播种期和其他栽培管理是减少氮负荷的主要途径。
Farmers generally use more nitrogen fertilizer than others for crop production in Bangladesh because of its visible growth symptoms. Such practice is responsible for extra reactive N (Nr) load to the environment, but data are not available. Nitrous oxide (N2O) data were collected from a field trial following static closed-chamber technique, which were used for calibration and validation of DeNitrification and DeComposition model along with soil clay fraction, pH, bulk density and organic carbon contents. The model was well fitted and estimated about 364 g N2O–N ha−1emission in Rajshahi region and only 15 g N2O–N ha−1in Barisal region. District-wise N2O–N emissions varied from < 1–15.96 t season−1. In 2011–2016, N2O–N emissions from wheat fields were about 103–129 t yr−1in Bangladesh. The model estimated nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH3) and nitrate (NO3) fluxes varied from 0.012 to 0.447, 7 to 12.5 and 0 to 4.7 kg N ha−1, respectively, under ambient temperature condition. In about 79% yield variabilities were explainable by N2O emission. In dominant wheat growing areas, if sowing is started from 15 to 30 November, N2O emission could be reduced by 8–40% with 5–13% reduction in yields compared to 10 November sowing. In similar areas and same sowing date with 1.5 °C temperature rise, N2O emission may increase by 8–45% and wheat yield might reduce by about 4–8%. Time of seeding and other cultural management in wheat cultivation would be the main avenue for reducing Nr loads to the environment.