A Basmala-Inscribed Jug from Arsur’s Mamluk Destruction of ad 1265: The Religious Manifestation of a Christian-Used Table Vessel?
A Basmala-Inscribed Jug from Arsur’s Mamluk Destruction of ad 1265: The Religious Manifestation of a Christian-Used Table Vessel?
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来自阿苏拉斯马穆鲁克的刻有巴斯马拉文的壶，公元 1265 年被毁：基督徒使用的餐桌器皿的宗教表现？
DOI：
10.1086/696145
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Annette Zeischka-Kenzler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oren Tal;Itamar Taxel;Annette Zeischka-Kenzler
十字军和穆斯林在法兰克巴勒斯坦的遭遇，以及世纪后半叶耶路撒冷王国黄昏时十字军和马穆鲁克的过渡，很少有国内和军事遗迹或文物的实物表现。港口城市阿尔苏尔/阿尔苏夫也是如此;在该地区进行的长期考古发掘为公元1265年十字军和马穆鲁克之间发生的激烈战斗提供了明确的证据。然而，从阿尔苏尔十字军时期的住所之一的遗骸中找到的一件物品构成了一个罕见的例外。这是一个简单的，未经装饰的陶瓷壶，上面刻有一个著名的古兰经短语的木炭阿拉伯语铭文-basmala-除了在对面的两个相交的五芒星，以同样的方式绘制。考虑到这个罐子的基督教背景，这一令人困惑的发现有不止一种解释，这可能揭示了法兰克人和穆斯林在13世纪巴勒斯坦相互接触的可能情况。Arsur/Arsuf（也称为Apollonia）位于以色列中部沿海平原，雅法和凯撒利亚之间，位于库尔卡（沙漠化沙丘砂岩）悬崖上。从公元前500年到公元1265年，几乎一直有人在此定居。[1]历史资料中对十字军时期遗址被占领的历史有相对完整的记载。它的最后几天和马穆鲁克的毁灭也在考古记录中得到了很好的证明，这是从25个季节的挖掘中得到的证据，它在海上的设施，以及它的腹地（图1）。2
The encounters of Crusaders and Muslims in Frankish Palestine, as well as the Crusader-Mamluk transition at the twilight of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the second half of the 13th century, are seldom physically manifested by domestic and military remains or artifacts. This is also true for the harbor town of Arsur/Arsuf; the long-lasting archaeological excavations carried out in its area yielded clear evidence for the fierce battle that occurred there between the Crusaders and the Mamluks in AD 1265. However, a single object retrieved from the remains of one of Arsur’s Crusaderperiod residences constitutes a rare exception. This is a simple, undecorated ceramic spouted jug that bears a charcoal-inscribed Arabic inscription of a famous Quranic phrase—the basmala—in addition to two intersecting pentagrams on the opposite side, drawn in the same manner. Given the jug’s Christian context, this puzzling find is open to more than one interpretation, which may shed light on the possible circumstances under which Franks and Muslims came into contact with each other in 13th-century Palestine. Arsur/Arsuf (also known as Apollonia) is located in the central coastal plain of Israel, between Jaffa and Caesarea, on a kurkar (fossilized dune sandstone) cliff. The site was settled almost continuously from about 500 BC to AD 1265. 1 The history of the site’s occupation during the Crusader period is relatively well covered in the historical sources. Its last days and the Mamluk destruction are also well-attested in the archaeological record, as is evidence from twenty-five seasons of excavations carried out at the site, its installations in the sea, and its hinterland (Fig. 1). 2