Encouraging Women to Compete: Social Image and Prosocial Incentives
Encouraging Women to Compete: Social Image and Prosocial Incentives
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鼓励女性竞争：社会形象和亲社会激励
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Masayuki Yagasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Masayuki Yagasaki
在这篇论文中，我们研究了社会形象问题如何影响女性的竞争决策。我们首先提出了一个理论模型，从社会形象的角度来看，参与竞争对女性来说是昂贵的，因为这种行为偏离了传统的女性性别规范。这导致女性在竞争环境中的地位较低，即使在有利于女性的平权行动政策下，当竞争的决定得到遵守时也是如此。我们假设并从理论上证明，在竞争环境中引入亲社会激励可以有效地鼓励女性在公众可观察的情况下竞争。其次，我们进行了一个实验室实验，随机操纵决策的公众可观察性来竞争，并测试我们的理论预测。实验结果与理论预测相当一致。我们建议，在竞争环境中设计促进性别平等的政策时，通过公司慈善或其他社会责任政策使用亲社会激励可能会有希望。
In this paper, we investigate how social image concerns affect women’s decisions to compete. We first propose a theoretical model to show that participating in a competition is costly for women from the social image viewpoint, since such behavior deviates from traditional female gender norms. This results in women’s lower standing in competitive environments, even under affirmative action policies favoring women, when decisions to compete are observed. We posit and theoretically demonstrate that introducing prosocial incentives in a competitive environment can effectively encourage women to compete even under public observability. Second, we conduct a laboratory experiment, randomly manipulate the public observability of decisions to compete, and test our theoretical predictions. The results of the experiment are fairly consistent with the theoretical predictions. We suggest that, when designing policies to promote gender equality in competitive environments, using prosocial incentives through company philanthropy or other social responsibility policies could be promising.