First International Precision Vaccines Conference: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Next-Generation Vaccines.
First International Precision Vaccines Conference: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Next-Generation Vaccines.
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首次国际精确疫苗会议：下一代疫苗的多学科方法。
DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00214-18
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Levy O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borriello F;van Haren SD;Levy O
疫苗代表了医学史上的巨大成功，因为它们预防了甚至在某些情况下根除了一系列传染病。然而，对于许多现有疫苗来说，免疫原性有限，需要多次加强剂量，而且由于微生物的固有特征，例如菌株之间的遗传/抗原变异性，以及我们对调节疫苗反应性的变量（包括年龄和性别特异性差异）的了解有限，我们仍然无法针对许多病原体。疫苗代表了医学史上的巨大成功，因为它们预防了甚至在某些情况下根除了一系列传染病。然而，对于许多现有疫苗来说，免疫原性有限，需要多次加强剂量，而且由于微生物的固有特征，例如菌株之间的遗传/抗原变异性，以及我们对调节疫苗反应性的变量（包括年龄和性别特异性差异）的了解有限，我们仍然无法针对许多病原体。此外，传统的疫苗开发方法通常是经验性的，依赖于微生物的灭活或其成分的纯化，这些成分通常比其来源的整个微生物的免疫原性更低。这种方法已经产生了多种重要的疫苗，但未能始终如一地产生在免疫反应有限的人群（例如新生儿和老年人）中具有足够免疫原性的疫苗。为了引发有影响力的合作，一群科学家聚集在美国波士顿，参加由波士顿儿童医院精准疫苗项目主办的首届两年一度的国际精准疫苗会议，讨论疫苗学的创新。系统生物学领域的最新进展可以识别目标人群的疫苗免疫原性生物标志物、人体体外模型以及新型佐剂和制剂策略，为剖析人类对疫苗的免疫反应并为疫苗功效的显着改善提供了前所未有的机会。这些方法有望对疫苗学产生重大的科学和转化影响。
Vaccines represent a remarkable success in the history of medicine since they have prevented and, in some instances, eradicated a range of infectious diseases. However, for many existing vaccines, immunogenicity is limited, requiring multiple booster doses, and we are still unable to target many pathogens due to intrinsic features of the microorganism, such as genetic/antigenic variability between strains, and our limited understanding of the variables that regulate vaccine responsiveness, including age- and sex-specific differences. Vaccines represent a remarkable success in the history of medicine since they have prevented and, in some instances, eradicated a range of infectious diseases. However, for many existing vaccines, immunogenicity is limited, requiring multiple booster doses, and we are still unable to target many pathogens due to intrinsic features of the microorganism, such as genetic/antigenic variability between strains, and our limited understanding of the variables that regulate vaccine responsiveness, including age- and sex-specific differences. Moreover, the traditional approach to vaccine development is often empirical, relying on inactivation of microorganisms or purification of their components, which are usually less immunogenic than the whole microorganism from which they derive. This approach has yielded multiple important vaccines but has failed to consistently generate vaccines that are sufficiently immunogenic in populations with limited immune responsiveness such as newborns and elderly individuals. In an effort to trigger impactful collaborations, a community of scientists gathered in Boston in the United States for the first biennial International Precision Vaccines Conference, sponsored by the Boston Children’s Hospital Precision Vaccines Program, to discuss innovation in vaccinology. Recent advancements in the field of systems biology that can identify vaccine immunogenicity biomarkers for target populations, in human in vitro models, and in novel adjuvant and formulation strategies offer unprecedented opportunities to dissect the human immune response to vaccines and inform dramatic improvements in vaccine efficacy. These approaches are poised to have a major scientific and translational impact in vaccinology.