USE OF ULTRASOUND IN PETROLEUM RESIDUE UPGRADATION
USE OF ULTRASOUND IN PETROLEUM RESIDUE UPGRADATION
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DOI：
10.1002/cjce.20169
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Joshi, Jyeshtharaj B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sawarkar, Ashish N.;Pandit, Aniruddha B.;Joshi, Jyeshtharaj B.
传统的残余原料升级工艺，即热裂化和催化裂化是在400-520℃的温度范围内进行的，这种高温原则上可以用声空化代替。本研究以两种真空渣油，即阿拉伯混合真空渣油（AMVR）和孟买高真空渣油（BHVR）和一种沥青，即哈尔迪亚沥青（HA），在环境温度和压力下进行不同反应时间的声空化，反应时间从15分钟到120分钟。对超声浴和超声喇叭两种声空化装置将石油渣油升级为以气油馏分范围内沸腾的碳氢化合物为主的较轻、高附加值产品的能力进行了性能比较。在不同表面活性剂的作用下，研究了超声波对渣油在水中乳化过程中升级的影响。针对这些情况，建立了基于渣油组分的动力学模型，以便深入了解反应机理。研究表明，超声喇叭比超声浴更能有效地提高沥青质含量，水乳化烃混合物的声空化作用比非乳化烃混合物的声空化作用更能降低沥青质含量。BHVR的沥青质含量降低幅度最大，AMVR次之，HA次之。速率常数的变化与进料有关，AMVR、BHVR和HA沥青质转化为汽油的最大速率常数分别为0.29 x 10(-4) s（-1）、1.4 x 10(-4) s（-1）和0.23 x 10(-4) s（-1）。
Conventional processes for the upgradation of residual feedstocks, viz., thermal cracking and catalytic cracking are carried out in the temperature range of 400-520 degrees C. Such high temperatures can in principle be substituted by acoustic cavitation. In the present work, two vacuum residues, namely, Arabian mix vacuum residue (AMVR) and Bombay high vacuum residue (BHVR) and one asphalt, viz., Haldia asphalt (HA) were subjected to acoustic cavitation for different reaction times from 15 min to 120 min at ambient temperature and pressure. An attempt has been made to seek a performance comparison of two devices of acoustic cavitation, namely, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic horn with regard to their ability to upgrade the petroleum residues to lighter, more value-added products mainly the hydrocarbons boiling in the range of gas oil fraction. Another attempt has been made to study the effect of ultrasound on the upgradation of the residue when it is emulsified in water with the help of different surfactants. For all the cases, a kinetic model has been developed based on the constituents of the residue so as to get an insight into the reaction mechanism. The study revealed that ultrasonic horn is more effective in bringing about the upgradation than ultrasonic bath and that the acoustic cavitation of the aqueous emulsified hydrocarbon mixture could reduce the asphaltenes content to a greater extent than the acoustic cavitation of non-emulsified hydrocarbon mixture. The reduction in asphaltenes content of BHVR was found to be more followed by AMVR followed by HA. The variation in the rate constants was found to be feed specific and the rate constants for the conditions of maximum conversion of asphaltenes to gas oil for AMVR, BHVR and HA were found to be 0.29 x 10(-4) s(-1), 1.4 x 10(-4) s(-1) and 0.23 x 10(-4) s(-1), respectively.