Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral.
Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral.
复制标题
高矿物化的鲸鱼场作为骨矿物的典范。
DOI：
10.3109/03008207.2013.769973
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Novack D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Z;Pasteris JD;Novack D
虽然骨是矿物质和胶原蛋白的纳米复合材料，但矿物质一直是更难以研究的成分。骨矿物质的标准显然是必要的。我们假设，最自然的，最少处理的骨矿物质可以从最高矿化骨中回收。因此，我们研究了齿鲸Mesoplodon densirostris的喙，它具有公认的骨骼。建立骨矿物质标准的关键是证明所提议的组织在所有性质上都是骨样的，除了其显著高浓度的矿物质。喙部材料的未染色切片的透射光显微镜显示骨单位几何形状、骨陷窝浓度和脉管系统发育的正常骨形态。染色切片显示大部分骨中有极低密度的薄胶原纤维，但血管孔周围和少数骨单位中有较厚的胶原纤维。FE-SEM显示喙主要由致密的矿物棱柱体组成。大多数喙部区域具有相同的化学结构特征，拉曼光谱主要由~962 Δcm−1的强带和~2940 Δcm−1的弱带组成。光谱特征表明，喙主要由磷酸钙矿物磷灰石组成，仅含有约4 wt.%有机含量。碳酸酯取代度（~8.5重量%）在磷灰石中的碳酸盐）在大多数类型的骨中发现的上限范围内。我们的结论是，尽管它的搪瓷样非常高的矿化度，在所有其他功能的骨样的喙。它的矿物质成分是人们长期寻找的未受污染、未改变的骨矿物质样本。
Although bone is a nanocomposite of mineral and collagen, mineral has been the more elusive component to study. A standard for bone mineral clearly is needed. We hypothesized that the most natural, least-processed bone mineral could be retrieved from the most highly mineralized bone. We therefore studied the rostrum of the toothed whale Mesoplodon densirostris, which has the densest recognized bone. Essential to establishment of a standard for bone mineral is documentation that the proposed tissue is bone-like in all properties except for its remarkably high concentration of mineral. Transmitted-light microscopy of unstained sections of rostral material shows normal bone morphology in osteon geometry, lacunae concentration, and vasculature development. Stained sections reveal extremely low density of thin collagen fibers throughout most of the bone, but enrichment in and thicker collagen fibers around vascular holes and in a minority of osteons. FE-SEM shows the rostrum to consist mostly of dense mineral prisms. Most rostral areas have the same chemical-structural features, Raman spectroscopically dominated by strong bands at ~962 Δcm−1 and weak bands at ~2940 Δcm−1. Spectral features indicate that the rostrum is composed mainly of the calcium phosphate mineral apatite and has only about 4 wt.% organic content. The degree of carbonate substitution (~8.5 wt.% carbonate) in the apatite is in the upper range found in most types of bone. We conclude that, despite its enamel-like extraordinarily high degree of mineralization, the rostrum is in all other features bone-like. Its mineral component is the long-sought uncontaminated, unaltered exemplar of bone mineral.