Evolutionary rescue in host‐pathogen systems*
Evolutionary rescue in host‐pathogen systems*
复制标题
宿主病原体系统的进化拯救*
DOI：
10.1111/evo.14269
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Christie, Mark R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Searle, Catherine L.;Christie, Mark R.
自然种群面临各种威胁，可能会增加其灭绝的风险。种群可以通过进化拯救（ER）来避免灭绝，当一个适应性的、遗传的选择反应允许种群从环境变化中恢复过来时，就会发生这种情况。虽然ER的传统框架是在考虑非生物风险因素的情况下开发的，但ER也可能响应于人口变化的生物来源而发生，例如引入新的病原体。我们首先描述了ER对病原体的反应如何不同于传统的ER框架;密度依赖性传播、病原体进化和病原体灭绝可以改变病原体施加的选择强度，并使宿主种群更有可能持续存在。我们还讨论了影响传统ER的几个变量（丰度，遗传多样性，种群连通性和社区组成），这些变量也直接影响疾病风险，导致ER在宿主-病原体系统中的不同结果。因此，在传统ER研究中发展的概括可能与ER对病原体引入的反应无关。将病原体纳入ER框架将有助于更好地理解种群如何以及何时可以避免对新病原体的反应而灭绝。
Natural populations encounter a variety of threats that can increase their risk of extinction. Populations can avoid extinction through evolutionary rescue (ER), which occurs when an adaptive, genetic response to selection allows a population to recover from an environmental change that would otherwise cause extinction. While the traditional framework for ER was developed with abiotic risk factors in mind, ER may also occur in response to a biotic source of demographic change, such as the introduction of a novel pathogen. We first describe how ER in response to a pathogen differs from the traditional ER framework; density-dependent transmission, pathogen evolution, and pathogen extinction can change the strength of selection imposed by a pathogen and make host population persistence more likely. We also discuss several variables that affect traditional ER (abundance, genetic diversity, population connectivity, and community composition) that also directly affect disease risk resulting in diverse outcomes for ER in host-pathogen systems. Thus, generalizations developed in studies of traditional ER may not be relevant for ER in response to the introduction of a pathogen. Incorporating pathogens into the framework of ER will lead to a better understanding of how and when populations can avoid extinction in response to novel pathogens.