Political Careers of Ministers and Prime Ministers
Political Careers of Ministers and Prime Ministers
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部长和总理的政治生涯
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198809296.013.11
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Michelangelo Vercesi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Müller-Rommel;Ferdinand;Corinna Kroeber;Michelangelo Vercesi
职业生涯的概念虽然在精英研究中无处不在，但在对政治高管的研究中却几乎没有得到任何全面的分析处理。Jean Blondel（1985: 8）在对世界统治者的第一次实证分析中声称，“对部长和部长职业的研究尚处于起步阶段。”此后，对部长和总理权力途径的结构和动态进行了进一步的研究，但这些研究肯定还没有达到成熟（Berlinski et al. 2012: 3）。本章将总结和发展基本的理论和方法方法，以及在主要是民主议会制和半总统制国家一级调查内阁成员政治生涯的实证研究结果。政治生涯是由一个政治家在一定时期内所担任的一系列职位来定义的。这些职位通常根据他们的权力和声望进行等级排序。每一个政治生涯都涉及到选举、执政和下台。因此，从部长和总理的第一次政治任命到他们退出政治职位的时期可以被视为他们政治生涯的参数（Bakema 1991: 71）。尽管在结构上有一些相似之处，但每个人的政治生涯都是截然不同的。例如，单一部长和总理通常在进入内阁的不同时期担任不同的职位。因此，他们可能在任职期间获得了各种政治和技术方面的经验。
THE concept of career, while ubiquitous in elite research, has hardly received any comprehensive analytical treatment in the study of political executives. In a first empirical analysis of world rulers, Jean Blondel (1985: 8) claimed that'the study of ministers and of ministerial careers is in its infancy. Since then, further research on the structures and dynamics of ministers' and prime ministers' pathways to power have been provided but these have surely not yet reached maturity (Berlinski et al. 2012: 3). This chapter will summarize and develop the basic theoretical and methodological approaches as well as empirical findings of studies investigating political careers of cabinet members in mainly democratic parliamentary and semi-presidential systems at the national level.A political career is defined by a sequence of positions taken over by an individual politician in a certain period of time. These positions are usually ranked hierarchically in relation to their power and prestige. Every political career involves selection to office, duration in office and exit from office. Thus, the period from ministers' and prime ministers' first political appointment to their exit from political office can be regarded as the parameters of their political careers (Bakema 1991: 71). Despite some structural similar-ities, each political career is distinctly individual. For instance, single ministers and prime ministers usually held different positions for different periods of time on their pathway to cabinet. Consequently, they may have acquired varying political and tech-nical types of experiences in office.