Contemporary adaptive divergence of plant competitive traits in urban and rural populations and its implication for weed management
Contemporary adaptive divergence of plant competitive traits in urban and rural populations and its implication for weed management
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.13472
复制
发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Y. Fukano;Wei Guo;K. Uchida;Yuuya Tachiki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Fukano;Wei Guo;K. Uchida;Yuuya Tachiki
相邻植物之间的竞争在生长、繁殖、种群动态和群落组装中起着至关重要的作用，但竞争如何驱动局部适应以及适应的特征仍不清楚。在这里，我们重点研究了来自城市和农村栖息地的侵略性杂草Digitaria ciliaris的种群，作为光资源的低竞争和高竞争环境，并研究了竞争相互作用如何驱动竞争性状的当代适应性分歧。考察D. ciliaris和已经选择的特定性状，我们比较了高竞争和低竞争处理之间农田和城市种群植物的生长速率和竞争性状。此外，我们进行了一个田间耕作实验与无人机（无人驾驶航空器）监测，以研究的可能性，在农田栖息地的性状演变可能会影响杂草管理措施在农田。在高竞争处理中，来自农田种群的植物比来自城市种群的植物具有更高的生长速率，在低竞争处理中，反之亦然。在种群中，高/宽比较大的种群（农田种群）在高竞争处理中对地上竞争的耐受性更强，但在个体中，高/宽比较大的种群在低竞争处理中的生长率较低。更多的植物从农田人口，其中有较厚的茎（和较大的高/宽比），存活后，实验耕作比植物从城市栖息地与较薄的茎。合成.我们的研究经验性地证明了地上竞争者的竞争特征及其潜在特征的适应性差异。此外，当代城市和农村植物种群之间的适应性差异对杂草控制具有实际意义。城乡模式体系的建立，为植物进化生态学的基础研究和应用研究提供了重要的理论和实践依据。需要进一步的研究来了解城市和农村环境之间植物的适应性差异，以及适应性背后的特征，不仅在地上，而且在地下。
Competition among neighbouring plants plays essential roles in growth, reproduction, population dynamics, and community assembly, but how competition drives local adaptation and the traits underlying the adaptation remain unclear. Here, we focused on populations of the aggressive weed Digitaria ciliaris from urban and rural habitats as low‐ and high‐competition environments for light resources and examined how competitive interaction drove contemporary adaptive divergence of competitive traits. To examine local adaptation to different competitive environments in D. ciliaris and the specific traits that have been selected for, we compared growth rate and competitive traits in plants from farmland and urban populations between high‐ and low‐competition treatments. Furthermore, we conducted a field tillage experiment with drone (unmanned aerial vehicle) monitoring to examine the possibility that trait evolution in farmland habitats might influence weed management practices in crop fields. Plants from farmland populations had higher growth rates than plants from urban populations in high‐competition treatments, and vice versa in low‐competition treatments. Among populations, those with larger height/width ratios (farmland populations) were more tolerant of above‐ground competition in high‐competition treatments, but among individuals, those with larger ratios had lower growth rates in low‐competition treatments. More plants from farmland populations, which had thicker stems (and larger height/width ratios), survived after experimental tillage than plants from urban habitats with thinner stems. Synthesis. Our study empirically demonstrated adaptive divergence in competitive traits in above‐ground competitors and its underlying traits. Moreover, contemporary adaptive divergence between urban and rural plant populations has practical implications for weed control. The urban–rural model system can thus contribute to both basic and applied research in plant evolutionary ecology. Further research is required to understand adaptive divergence in plants between urban and rural environments, and the traits underlying the adaptation, not only above‐ground but also below‐ground.