The snowball effect: Friendship moderates escalations in depressed affect among avoidant and excluded children
The snowball effect: Friendship moderates escalations in depressed affect among avoidant and excluded children
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DOI：
10.1017/s095457941000043x
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hoza, Betsy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bukowski, William M.;Laursen, Brett;Hoza, Betsy
一项针对青春期前男孩和女孩的三波纵向研究（时间1 [T1]的N=231）被用来评估以下假设：社交退缩的各个方面将是抑郁情绪“滚雪球”级联的预测因子，而友谊经历将缓和这些影响。与这些假设相一致，多层次模型表明，在T1回避和排斥的措施与并发水平的抑郁情绪，并随着时间的推移，抑郁情绪的轨迹升级的先决条件。这些加速增长曲线符合雪球级联模型。分析还显示了友谊的保护作用。具体来说，滚雪球效应仅限于回避型和被排斥的无朋友儿童。抑郁情绪并没有增加回避和排斥儿童谁是朋友。
A three-wave longitudinal study conducted with preadolescent boys and girls (N=231 at Time 1 [T1]) was used to assess the hypotheses that aspects of social withdrawal would be predictors of a "snowball" cascade of depressed affect, and that friendship experiences would moderate these effects. Consistent with these hypotheses, multilevel modeling showed that measures of avoidance and exclusion at T1 were associated with concurrent levels of depressed affect and were antecedent to escalating trajectories of depressed affect over time. These accelerating growth curves fit a snowball cascade model. The analyses also showed the protective effects of friendship. Specifically, the snowball effect was limited to avoidant and excluded children who were friendless. Depressed affect did not increase among avoidant and excluded children who were friended.