Joint measurement of the atmospheric muon flux through the Puy de Dome volcano with plastic scintillators and Resistive Plate Chambers detectors
Joint measurement of the atmospheric muon flux through the Puy de Dome volcano with plastic scintillators and Resistive Plate Chambers detectors
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DOI：
10.1002/2015jb011969
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Vulpescu, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ambrosino, F.;Anastasio, A.;Vulpescu, B.
火山的μ子成像依赖于测量的大气μ子通量通过目标的透射率。影响结果的重要偏差来自模拟较高透射率的背景污染。MU-RAY和TOMUVOL合作在2013年独立测量了通过Puy de Dome火山传输的大气μ子通量，使用他们的早期原型探测器，分别基于塑料反射器和玻璃电阻板室。这些探测器有三个（MU-RAY）或四个（TOMUVOL）探测层，每个探测层为1 m（2），数十个（MU-RAY）或数百个（TOMUVOL）纳秒时间分辨率，几毫米的位置分辨率，几百MeV的能量阈值，没有粒子识别能力。原型部署在距离山顶约1.3公里的地方，在岩石深度大于1000米的地方，他们测量的剩余通量为1.83+/-0.50（系统）+/-0.07（统计）m（-2）d（-1）deg（-2）（MU-RAY）和1.95+/-0.16（系统）+/-0.05（统计）m（-2）d（-1）deg（-2）（TOMUVOL），这大致对应于在18度仰角处穿过600米水当量（MWE）的高能大气μ子的预期通量。这意味着，使用这种原型探测器从1公里外成像深度大于500毫微瓦，会受到压倒性的背景影响。这些测量结果证实，需要具有更高动量阈值、飞行时间测量和/或粒子识别的新一代探测器。MU-RAY和TOMUVOL的合作预计不久将操作改进的探测器，适用于对更大规模的火山进行强大的muographic成像。
The muographic imaging of volcanoes relies on the measured transmittance of the atmospheric muon flux through the target. An important bias affecting the result comes from background contamination mimicking a higher transmittance. The MU-RAY and TOMUVOL collaborations measured independently in 2013 the atmospheric muon flux transmitted through the Puy de Dome volcano using their early prototype detectors, based on plastic scintillators and on Glass Resistive Plate Chambers, respectively. These detectors had three (MU-RAY) or four (TOMUVOL) detection layers of 1 m(2) each, tens (MU-RAY) or hundreds (TOMUVOL) of nanosecond time resolution, a few millimeter position resolution, an energy threshold of few hundreds MeV, and no particle identification capabilities. The prototypes were deployed about 1.3 km away from the summit, where they measured, behind rock depths larger than 1000 m, remnant fluxes of 1.83+/-0.50(syst)+/-0.07(stat) m(-2) d(-1) deg(-2) (MU-RAY) and 1.95+/-0.16(syst)+/-0.05(stat) m(-2) d(-1) deg(-2) (TOMUVOL), that roughly correspond to the expected flux of high-energy atmospheric muons crossing 600 meters water equivalent (mwe) at 18 degrees elevation. This implies that imaging depths larger than 500 mwe from 1 km away using such prototype detectors suffer from an overwhelming background. These measurements confirm that a new generation of detectors with higher momentum threshold, time-of-flight measurement, and/or particle identification is needed. The MU-RAY and TOMUVOL collaborations expect shortly to operate improved detectors, suitable for a robust muographic imaging of kilometer-scale volcanoes.