No differences in dual-task costs between forced- and free-choice tasks
No differences in dual-task costs between forced- and free-choice tasks
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-014-0580-6
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Jolicoeur，Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janczyk，Markus;Nolden，Sophie;Jolicoeur，Pierre
人类的行为似乎是为了回应环境的要求或追求自我选择的目标。在实验室中，这些情况经常被强迫和自由选择任务调查：在强迫选择任务中，刺激决定了一个正确的反应，而在自由选择任务中，参与者在反应选项之间进行选择。我们比较了这两个任务的敏感性双任务干扰时，并发任务总是被迫选择。如果，正如文献中所建议的，这两个任务需要不同的“行动控制系统”，更大的双任务成本自由选择任务比强迫选择任务应该出现在我们的实验中，由于系统之间的时间成本切换。此外，强迫选择任务被认为是“准备反射”，所有有意的处理都是在刺激开始之前发生的，从而在刺激开始时引起自动反应。我们报告了三个实验与不同的实现的强迫与自由选择操纵。在所有的实验中，我们复制了自由的反应比在强迫选择任务和典型的双重任务成本慢。然而，后者的成本对于强迫和自由选择的任务是相等的。这些结果更容易与单一的“行动控制系统”的假设相一致。
Humans appear to act in response to environmental demands or to pursue self-chosen goals. In the laboratory, these situations are often investigated with forced- and free-choice tasks: in forced-choice tasks, a stimulus determines the one correct response, while in free-choice tasks the participants choose between response alternatives. We compared these two tasks regarding their susceptibility to dual-task interference when the concurrent task was always forced-choice. If, as was suggested in the literature, both tasks require different “action control systems,” larger dual-task costs for free-choice tasks than for forced-choice tasks should emerge in our experiments, due to a time-costly switch between the systems. In addition, forced-choice tasks have been conceived as “prepared reflexes” for which all intentional processing is said to take place already prior to stimulus onset giving rise to automatic response initiation upon stimulus onset. We report three experiments with different implementations of the forced- vs. free-choice manipulation. In all experiments we replicated slower responses in the free- than in the forced-choice task and the typical dual-task costs. These latter costs, however, were equivalent for forced- and free-choice tasks. These results are easier to reconcile with the assumption of one unitary “action control system.”