Plasmodium sporozoites trickle out of the injection site.
Plasmodium sporozoites trickle out of the injection site.
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疟原虫孢子虫从注射部位滴下。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00861.x
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发表时间：
2007-05
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sinnis, Photini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamauchi, Lucy Megumi;Coppi, Alida;Snounou, Georges;Sinnis, Photini
疟原虫子孢子从皮肤到肝脏进行了一次非凡的旅程，在那里它们被感染的按蚊沉积，在那里它们侵入肝细胞并发育成红细胞外阶段。虽然已经做了大量的工作来阐明子孢子侵入肝细胞的分子机制，但对于子孢子进入血液循环之前宿主与寄生虫之间的相互作用知之甚少。人们一直认为，子孢子迅速离开注射部位，使其与宿主在该部位的相互作用，短暂和难以研究。使用定量PCR，我们确定了子孢子离开注射部位并到达肝脏的动力学，发现大多数感染性子孢子在皮肤中保留数小时。然后，我们进行了亚接种实验，证实了这些发现，并表明子孢子从注射部位退出的模式类似于缓慢的涓涓细流。最后，我们发现约20%的子孢子接种物引流到淋巴管与引流淋巴结的显著增大相关，静脉接种后未观察到这种反应。这些研究结果表明，有足够的时间宿主和寄生虫在接种部位相互作用，并与红细胞前期疟疾疫苗的努力有关。
Plasmodium sporozoites make a remarkable journey from the skin, where they are deposited by an infected Anopheline mosquito, to the liver, where they invade hepatocytes and develop into exoerythrocytic stages. Although much work has been done to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which sporozoites invade hepatocytes, little is known about the interactions between host and parasite before the sporozoite enters the blood circulation. It has always been assumed that sporozoites rapidly exit the injection site, making their interactions with the host at this site, brief and difficult to study. Using quantitative PCR, we determined the kinetics with which sporozoites leave the injection site and arrive in the liver and found that the majority of infective sporozoites remain in the skin for hours. We then performed sub-inoculation experiments which confirmed these findings and showed that the pattern of sporozoite exit from the injection site resembles a slow trickle. Last, we found that drainage of approximately 20% of the sporozoite inoculum to the lymphatics is associated with a significant enlargement of the draining lymph node, a response not observed after intravenous inoculation. These findings indicate that there is ample time for host and parasite to interact at the inoculation site and are of relevance to the pre-erythrocytic stage malaria vaccine effort.