Electrical tuning of phase-change antennas and metasurfaces
Electrical tuning of phase-change antennas and metasurfaces
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DOI：
10.1038/s41565-021-00882-8
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发表时间：
2021-04-19
影响因子：
38.3
通讯作者：
Brongersma, Mark L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Yifei;Landreman, Patrick;Brongersma, Mark L.
由电控加热单元和相变材料组成的超表面可提供四倍以上的非易失性和可逆反射率调制。半导体电子产品的成功建立在紧凑、低功耗开关元件的基础上，这些元件提供路由、逻辑和存储功能。纳米级光开关的出现可能会对动态和可编程超表面、光神经网络和量子信息处理的发展产生类似的变革性影响。相变材料非常适合实现它们的创造，因为它们可以在具有明显不同光学特性的非晶态和晶态之间提供高速电切换。它们的高折射率已被用来将它们制成紧凑的光学天线。在这里，我们迈出了下一个重要的一步，展示了可电切换的相变天线和超表面，它们在可见光和近红外光谱范围内提供强、可逆、非易失性、多相切换和光散射的光谱调谐。它们的成功实施依赖于对天线元件进行仔细的热和光学联合优化，这些天线元件包括同时充当等离子体谐振器和微型加热阶段的银带。我们的超表面可在 755 nm 处对反射率进行四倍以上的电调制。
A metasurface comprising electrically controlled heating units and a phase-change material offer non-volatile and reversible modulation of reflectance by more than fourfold.The success of semiconductor electronics is built on the creation of compact, low-power switching elements that offer routing, logic and memory functions. The availability of nanoscale optical switches could have a similarly transformative impact on the development of dynamic and programmable metasurfaces, optical neural networks and quantum information processing. Phase-change materials are uniquely suited to enable their creation as they offer high-speed electrical switching between amorphous and crystalline states with notably different optical properties. Their high refractive index has already been harnessed to fashion them into compact optical antennas. Here, we take the next important step, by showing electrically-switchable phase-change antennas and metasurfaces that offer strong, reversible, non-volatile, multi-phase switching and spectral tuning of light scattering in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. Their successful implementation relies on a careful joint thermal and optical optimization of the antenna elements that comprise a silver strip that simultaneously serves as a plasmonic resonator and a miniature heating stage. Our metasurface affords electrical modulation of the reflectance by more than fourfold at 755 nm.