Evolutionary systematics of the Australian Cyzicidae (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata) with the description of a new genus
Evolutionary systematics of the Australian Cyzicidae (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata) with the description of a new genus
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DOI：
10.1111/zoj.12209
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Martin Schwentner;F. Just;S. Richter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martin Schwentner;F. Just;S. Richter
在澳大利亚的干旱和半干旱地区，大多数水生栖息地都是非永久性的。尽管大约70%的陆地表面属于这些区域，但人们对栖息在这些重要而广泛的栖息地的标志性“大型枝足类”知之甚少。本研究对澳大利亚棘足动物类群Caenestheria和Caenestheriella的737个标本进行了线粒体（细胞色素氧化酶亚基I； COI）和细胞核（伸长因子1α，内部转录间隔物2和28S）标记的组合，以评估物种多样性，它们的系统发育关系和系统地理历史。最初的物种划分基于COI，采用系统发育分析和两种自动物种划分方法（一般混合Yule聚结模型和自动条形码缺口发现）相结合。结果通过核标记进行了测试，并在不同的物种概念下进行了考虑。所描述的物种数量在14-27之间，在任何情况下都与两种自动化方法中的任何一种完全一致。如果采用生物学或亨尼格物种概念所要求的推断生殖隔离，则会导致较低的数字。虽然核标记并不表明正在进行的繁殖，但在一些情况下，缺乏同域共现抑制了确定的生殖隔离的推断。如果采用单系或“独立进化命运”，如系统发生或进化物种概念所要求的那样，物种的分布并不重要，最多可以划分27个物种。由于这两个研究属的澳大利亚代表不能彼此明确区分，而是与所有这些属的非澳大利亚代表分开构成一个单一的单系分支，因此我们描述了一个新的刺虫属Ozestheria gen. 11来容纳这些物种。在澳大利亚中部和东部的大片地区，种群显示出相对较小的遗传分化水平。到目前为止，在东北地区观察到的遗传分化程度最为明显，这种模式可能是由生态条件和游牧水鸟的运动来解释的，这些水鸟会分散休眠的蛋。©2015伦敦林奈学会
In Australia's arid and semi-arid zone, most aquatic habitats are nonpermanent. Although approximately 70% of its land surface belongs to these zones, very little is known of the iconic ‘large branchiopods’ that inhabit these important and widespread habitats. In the present study, we investigated 737 Australian specimens of the spinicaudatan taxa Caenestheria and Caenestheriella with a combination of one mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I; COI) and three nuclear (elongation factor 1α, internal transcribed spacer 2, and 28S) markers to assess the diversity of species, their phylogenetic relationships, and phylogeographical history. The initial species delimitation was based on COI employing a combination of phylogenetic analyses and two automated approaches to species delimitation (general mixed Yule coalescent model and Automated Barcode Gap Discovery). The outcome was tested by the nuclear markers and considered under differing species concepts. The number of delineated species ranged from 14–27, in no case being in full agreement with any of the two automated approaches. The lower numbers resulted if inferred reproductive isolation, as required for the biological or Hennigian species concept, was employed. Although nuclear markers did not indicate ongoing reproduction, the lack of sympatric co-occurrences inhibited inferences of definitive reproductive isolation in several instances. If monophyly or an ‘independent evolutionary fate’ was employed, as required for the phylogenetic or evolutionary species concepts, the species' distribution was of no importance and up to 27 species could be delimitated. Because the Australian representatives of both studied genera could not be clearly separated from each other but constitute a single monophyletic clade separated from all available non-Australian representatives of these genera, we describe a new spinicaudatan genus Ozestheria gen. nov. to accommodate these species. Populations revealed relatively small levels of genetic differentiation over large areas of central and eastern Australia. By far the most pronounced levels of genetic differentiation were observed towards the north-eastern regions, a pattern possibly explainable by ecological conditions and the movement of nomadic water birds that disperse resting eggs. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London