West Nile virus adheres to human red blood cells in whole blood
West Nile virus adheres to human red blood cells in whole blood
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/518850
复制
发表时间：
2007-07-15
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Stramer, Susan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rios, Maria;Daniel, Sylvester;Stramer, Susan L.
背景资料。西尼罗河病毒(WNV)在美国流行。它可以通过输血传播，目前该国的血液供应正在进行西尼罗河病毒的筛查。有记录的西尼罗河病毒感染通过血浆共组分病毒载量低的红细胞单位传播，至少在一次情况下，可以通过西尼罗河病毒的细胞关联来解释；在这种情况下，对血浆进行的微型池核酸检测(NAT)将RBC单位释放为阴性，但随后作为单个样本进行测试时，该RBC单位间歇性NAT阳性。我们假设，有一部分WNV结合到血细胞上，而不是通过NAT测量的，在血浆样本上进行。我们研究了西尼罗河病毒是否与红细胞结合，导致血浆样本NAT检测西尼罗河病毒RNA的减少。用逆转录聚合酶链式反应TaqMan对20例NAT阳性的WNV阳性献血员的等量去白细胞红细胞及其相应的血浆成分进行5次重复检测。此外，还用Vero细胞对8个RBC单位的等价物进行了感染性试验。逆转录聚合酶链式反应TaqMan分析显示，红细胞成分中的病毒载量比相应血浆单位中的病毒载量高1个数量级。此外，与红细胞相关的病毒在Vero细胞培养中具有传染性。这些观察结果强化了这样一种观点，即从全血中提取病毒RNA可以提高献血者筛查的检测灵敏度，并进一步降低通过输血传播西尼罗河病毒的残余风险。
Background. West Nile virus ( WNV) is endemic in the United States. It is transmissible by blood transfusion, and the nation's blood supply is currently screened for WNV. Documented transmission of WNV infection through red blood cell ( RBC) units in which the plasma co-component had a low viral load could be explained, in at least 1 instance, by cell-association of WNV; in this case, the RBC unit was released as negative by minipool nucleic acid testing ( NAT) performed on plasma but was intermittently NAT-positive when subsequently tested as an individual sample. We hypothesized that a proportion of WNV bound to blood cells and was not measured by NAT performed on plasma samples. We have investigated whether WNV binds to RBCs, leading to reduction of WNV RNA detection by NAT performed on plasma samples.Methods. Equal volumes of leukoreduced RBCs and their corresponding plasma components from 20 blood donors with NAT results that were positive for WNV were tested in 5 replicates by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction TaqMan for WNV. In addition, aliquots from 8 of the RBC units were tested by infectivity assays using Vero cells.Results. The reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay showed that the viral load in the RBC components exceeded that in the corresponding plasma units by 1 order of magnitude. In addition, viruses associated with the RBCs were infectious in Vero cell cultures.Conclusions. These observations reinforce the notion that extraction of viral RNA from whole blood could improve assay sensitivity for blood donor screening and further reduce the residual risk of WNV transmission through transfusion.