The acoustical cues to sound location in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).
The acoustical cues to sound location in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2014.07.004
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tollin, Daniel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greene, Nathaniel T.;Anbuhl, Kelsey L.;Williams, Whitney;Tollin, Daniel J.
声音位置有三种主要的声学线索，每一种都可归因于外耳、头部和躯干对传播的声波进行空间和频率相关的过滤：耳间时间差异 (ITD) 和电平差异 (ILD) 以及单耳频谱形状线索。虽然豚鼠一直是研究双耳和空间听力的解剖学、生理学和行为的常见模型，但缺乏对其可用声学线索的广泛测量。在这里，这些线索是根据 11 只成年豚鼠的方向传递函数 (DTF)（头部相关传递函数的方向分量）确定的。在额叶半球，单耳频谱陷波存在于约 10 至 20 kHz 的频率；一般来说，陷波频率随着声源仰角和对侧耳朵方位角的增加而增加。根据低通滤波（2 kHz 截止频率）DTF 计算的最大 ITD 约为 250 µs，而使用低频音调测得的最大 ITD 超过 320 µs。球形头部模型在正常情况下低估了 ITD 大小，但与去除耳廓时的值非常接近。耳间声压差 (ILD) 很大程度上取决于位置和频率；对于频率 < 4 kHz 的最大 ILD 小于 10 dB，对于频率 > 10 kHz 的最大 ILD 高达 40 dB。去除耳廓会降低频谱凹口的深度和锐度，改变声轴，并降低声学增益、ITD 和 ILD；然而，频谱形状特征和声学增益并未完全消除，这表明头部和躯干在改变鼓膜处的声音方面发挥了重要作用。
There are three main acoustical cues to sound location, each attributable to space-and frequency-dependent filtering of the propagating sound waves by the outer ears, head, and torso: Interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) as well as monaural spectral shape cues. While the guinea pig has been a common model for studying the anatomy, physiology, and behavior of binaural and spatial hearing, extensive measurements of their available acoustical cues are lacking. Here, these cues were determined from directional transfer functions (DTFs), the directional components of the head-related transfer functions, for eleven adult guinea pigs. In the frontal hemisphere, monaural spectral notches were present for frequencies from ~10 to 20 kHz; in general, the notch frequency increased with increasing sound source elevation and in azimuth toward the contralateral ear. The maximum ITDs calculated from low-pass filtered (2 kHz cutoff frequency) DTFs were ~250 µs, whereas the maximum ITD measured with low frequency tone pips was over 320 µs. A spherical head model underestimates ITD magnitude under normal conditions, but closely approximates values when the pinnae were removed. Interaural level differences (ILDs) strongly depended on location and frequency; maximum ILDs were < 10 dB for frequencies < 4 kHz and were as large as 40 dB for frequencies > 10 kHz. Removal of the pinna reduced the depth and sharpness of spectral notches, altered the acoustical axis, and reduced the acoustical gain, ITDs, and ILDs; however, spectral shape features and acoustical gain were not completely eliminated, suggesting a substantial contribution of the head and torso in altering the sounds present at the tympanic membrane.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Aaronson, Neil L.;Hartmann, William M.
通讯作者：
Hartmann, William M.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
CARLILE, S;PETTIGREW, AG
通讯作者：
PETTIGREW, AG
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
HEFFNER, R;HEFFNER, H;MASTERTON, B
通讯作者：
MASTERTON, B
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Bierman, Hilary S.;Thornton, Jennifer L.;Tollin, Daniel J.
通讯作者：
Tollin, Daniel J.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
CARLILE, S
通讯作者：
CARLILE, S