A review of aquaculture production and health management practices of farmed fish in Kenya
A review of aquaculture production and health management practices of farmed fish in Kenya
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.07.001
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Opiyo;E. Marijani;P. Muendo;Rezin Odede;W. Leschen;H. Charo-Karisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Opiyo;E. Marijani;P. Muendo;Rezin Odede;W. Leschen;H. Charo-Karisa
肯尼亚广泛采用温水水产养殖，主要养殖尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）（占总产量的 75%），其次是非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus），占 18%。肯尼亚的水产养殖始于 1920 年代，一直呈上升趋势，直到 2014 年达到峰值 24,096 吨。然而，过去 3 年产量急剧下降，2016 年报告产量为 14,952 公吨 (MT)。大多数农民采用土池半精养系统。维多利亚湖网箱尼罗罗非鱼 (O. niloticus) 的商业集约化养殖在过去五年中显着增长，每个周期（约 8 个月）产量达 1200 万公斤。循环水产养殖系统（RAS）也主要在集约化孵化场中越来越受欢迎。淡水网箱因鱼类死亡频率的增加而受到损害，这对经济和环境产生了明显的影响。尽管有关全国各地鱼类疾病暴发的信息有限，但已报道了养殖鱼类中的某些众所周知的疾病。这些包括；真菌性，主要是水霉病，细菌性，主要是出血性疾病和爆眼病。养殖 O 中也有寄生虫记录。尼罗罗非鱼和C. gariepinus。虽然一些孵化场采用预防性治疗来防止感染，但为预防养殖鱼类疾病而采取的生物安全措施有限。这是因为对鱼病经济学知识不足、基础设施薄弱以及鱼病专业人力资源不足。本次审查描述了肯尼亚水产养殖生产和养殖鱼类的健康管理实践，以便记录有效监测和监管全国未来鱼类健康问题所需的行动。
Warm water aquaculture is widely practiced in Kenya and is dominated by the culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (75% of total production) followed by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at 18%. Aquaculture started in Kenya in 1920’s and has been on upward trend until 2014 when it peaked at 24,096 MT. However, production reduced drastically in the past 3 years, with 14,952 metric tonnes (MT) reported in 2016. Most farmers practice earthen pond based semi-intensive culture system. Commercial intensive culture of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) in cages in Lake Victoria has grown significantly in the last five years with a production of 12 million kg of fish every cycle (about 8 months). Recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) is also gaining popularity mainly in intensive hatcheries. The freshwater cages have been marred by increasing frequencies of fish kills with obvious financial and environmental implications. Although limited information exists on fish disease outbreaks across the country, certain well known diseases in farmed fish have been reported. These include; fungal, mainly saprolegniasis, bacterial, mainly hemorrhagic disease and pop-eye diseases. Parasites have also been documented in farmedO. niloticusandC. gariepinus.Although prophylactic treatments are used in some hatcheries in order to prevent infections, limited biosecurity measures are in place to prevent diseases in farmed fish. This is because of inadequate knowledge of the economics of fish diseases, poor infrastructure and inadequate human resource specialized in fish diseases. This review describes the aquaculture production and health mangement practices of farmed fish in Kenya in order to document actions required for effective monitoring and regulation of future fish health problems across the country.