Ventilation rates in recently constructed US school classrooms
Ventilation rates in recently constructed US school classrooms
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DOI：
10.1111/ina.12384
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Thun, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Batterman, S.;Su, F. -C.;Thun, G.
学校的低通风率（VRs）与缺勤、学习成绩差和教师不满有关。我们测量了37所最近建造或翻新的机械通风的美国学校的vr，包括LEED和能源之星认证的建筑，使用二氧化碳和稳态、累积、衰减和瞬态质量平衡方法。瞬态质量平衡法更好地匹配条件（特别是占用率的变化），并且最小化了其他方法中看到的偏差。在上学期间，空气换率（ACRs）平均为2.0 +/- 1.3小时（-1），只有22%的教室达到建议的最低通风率。在学校关闭时关闭暖通空调系统，acr降至0.21±0.19小时（-1）。尽管降低成本和采取舒适措施会降低室内空气质量，但不同建筑类型的室内空气质量并无差异。在使用单元通风机或辐射供暖的学校，在较小的学校和较大的教室中，vr较低。稳态、累积和衰减方法有明显的局限性和偏差，表明需要确认这些方法是合适的。研究结果强调了增加vr的必要性，并确保节能和舒适措施不会影响通风和室内空气质量。
Low ventilation rates (VRs) in schools have been associated with absenteeism, poorer academic performance, and teacher dissatisfaction. We measured VRs in 37 recently constructed or renovated and mechanically ventilated U.S. schools, including LEED and EnergyStar-certified buildings, using CO2 and the steady-state, build-up, decay, and transient mass balance methods. The transient mass balance method better matched conditions (specifically, changes in occupancy) and minimized biases seen in the other methods. During the school day, air change rates (ACRs) averaged 2.0 +/- 1.3 hour(-1), and only 22% of classrooms met recommended minimum ventilation rates. HVAC systems were shut off at the school day close, and ACRs dropped to 0.21 +/- 0.19 hour(-1). VRs did not differ by building type, although cost-cutting and comfort measures resulted in low VRs and potentially impaired IAQ. VRs were lower in schools that used unit ventilators or radiant heating, in smaller schools and in larger classrooms. The steady-state, build-up, and decay methods had significant limitations and biases, showing the need to confirm that these methods are appropriate. Findings highlight the need to increase VRs and to ensure that energy saving and comfort measures do not compromise ventilation and IAQ.