Antarctic notothenioid fishes as subjects for research in evolutionary biology
Antarctic notothenioid fishes as subjects for research in evolutionary biology
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0954102000000341
复制
发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Eastman, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eastman, JT
南极洲是一个大陆岛屿，其大陆架和上斜坡的沃茨是一个岛屿演化场所。大陆架沃茨类似于南大洋的一个封闭盆地，由于距离、水流模式和零度以下的温度而与其他大陆隔开。南极大陆架和陆坡底栖鱼类区系包括213种，其中18科具有较高的分类多样性。其中，背突类90种，脂鲤类67种，殖水蚤类23种，分别占总种数的45%、32%和11%，合计占总种数的88%。在高纬度（71-78度S）大陆架地区，notothenioids占丰度和生物量的90- 95%。南极鱼在形态和生态上也是多样的。虽然它们没有鱼鳔，但背鳍类辐射的标志是不断地向水柱栖息地多样化。有远洋、半远洋、低温远洋和底栖物种。Notothenioids表现出不成比例的特殊性和高度特有性的鱼类种群的特点。来自转化胰蛋白酶原基因的抗冻糖肽是一项关键创新。目前尚不清楚现代南极大陆架动物群是在何时采用了目前的分类组成。始新世晚期的动物化石在分类上是多样的，分布于世界各地。随后的动物区系更替，很少有科转入现代动物区系。在冈瓦纳大陆架的位置在第三纪早期的基底notothenioid分支可能分歧。从分子序列推断的日期表明，起源于南极的分支出现15-5百万年。
Antarctica is a continental island and the waters of its shelf and upper slope are an insular evolutionary site. The shelf waters resemble a closed basin in the Southern Ocean, separated from other continents by distance, current patterns and subzero temperatures. The benthic fish fauna of the shelf and upper slope of the Antarctic Region includes 213 species with higher taxonomic diversity confined to 18 families. Ninety-sis notothenioids, 67 liparids and 23 zoarcids comprise 45%, 32% and 11% of the fauna, a combined total of 88%. In high latitude (71-78 degrees S) shelf areas notothenioids dominate abundance and biomass at levels of 90-95%. Notothenioids are also morphologically and ecologically diverse. Although they lack a swim bladder, the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation has been repeated diversification into water column habitats. There are pelagic, semipelagic, cryopelagic and epibenthic species. Notothenioids exhibit the disproportionate speciosity and high endemism characteristic of fish species flock. Antifreeze glycopeptides originating from a transformed trypsinogen gene are a key innovation. It is not known when the modern Antarctic shelf fauna assumed its current taxonomic composition. A late Eocene fossil fauna was taxonomically diverse and cosmopolitan. There was a subsequent faunal replacement with little carryover of families into the modern fauna. Basal notothenioid clades probably diverged in Gondwanan shelf locations during the early Tertiary. Dates inferred from molecular sequences suggest that phyletically derived Antarctic clades arose 15-5 m.y.a.