Experimental Study of Tsunami-Like Waves Generated with a Vertical Release Technique on Dry and Wet Beds
Experimental Study of Tsunami-Like Waves Generated with a Vertical Release Technique on Dry and Wet Beds
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000447
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Wüthrich;M. Pfister;I. Nistor;A. Schleiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Wüthrich;M. Pfister;I. Nistor;A. Schleiss
海啸、冲击波和大坝坍塌是挑战人类的灾难，往往会导致大量人员伤亡和极端的经济损失。由这种事件产生的高度非定常流动条件通常是以湍孔的形式出现的。这项研究的目的是调查和验证新一代钻孔在干湿床条件下的传播系统。有多种技术可以在实验中产生这样的海浪，这项研究的重点是通过垂直释放水量来产生类似海啸的淹没条件。给出了一种从波高和流速的角度对所产生的波浪进行水力学表征的详细方法，并对干床涌浪和湿床孔的溃坝情况与经典的溃坝情况进行了验证。由于估计由这种波引起的冲击力的重要性，特别注意了波前速度和波前后面测量的速度剖面；发现这些符合Prandtl明渠水流的幂定律，并且深度测量允许定义一个表达式来估计波前后面的水流减速。除了考虑弗劳德数和动量外，本文还提供了相关信息，以帮助工程师在易发生这种极端载荷的地区设计更安全的基础设施。
Tsunamis, impulse waves, and dam failures are disasters that challenge humanity, often leading to massive casualties and extreme economic losses. The highly unsteady flow conditions generated by such events are often in the form of turbulent bores. The purpose of this study was to investigate and validate a new generation system for bores propagating over dry and wet bed conditions. There are multiple techniques to generate such waves experimentally, and the study focused on the generation of tsunami-like inundation conditions through the vertical release of a water volume. A detailed methodology to characterize the generated waves hydraulically, in terms of their wave heights and flow velocities, is presented, and good agreement with the classical dam-break case for both dry bed surges and wet bed bores was demonstrated. Because of the importance of estimating the impact forces induced by such waves, particular attention was given to the wavefront celerity and the velocity profiles measured behind the wavefront; these were found in agreement with Prandtl's power law for open channel flows, and in-depth measurements allowed for the definition of an expression to estimate flow deceleration behind the wavefront. Along with considerations of the Froude number and momentum, this paper provides relevant information to assist engineers in designing safer infrastructures in areas prone to such extreme loading.