Duration-differentiated energy services with a continuum of loads
Duration-differentiated energy services with a continuum of loads
复制标题
具有连续负载的持续时间差异化能源服务
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Varaiya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Nayyar;M. Negrete;K. Poolla;P. Varaiya
随着不确定性和间歇性可再生能源供应的整合，电网供需平衡问题变得更具挑战性。通常的随负荷供应方案可能不适合可再生能源供应的大渗透水平。原因是维持可靠的电网所需的储备水平增加，这既影响了运营成本（储备昂贵），也影响了可再生能源的环境效益（在线储备可能会增加二氧化碳排放量）。另一种范例是使用需求侧灵活性来实现电力平衡。在本文中，我们集中在一个特定的方式利用需求侧的灵活性。我们考虑一组负载，每个负载需要一个恒定的功率水平为指定的持续时间内的一个操作周期。负载根据其所需的服务持续时间而不同。负载的灵活性在于功率输送可以在总操作周期的任何子集处发生的事实。我们认为这些负载的连续性的调度，控制和市场实施的问题。如果负载和可用的功率是已知的，我们找到的条件下，可用的功率可以服务于所有的负载，我们描述了一个算法，构造一个适当的分配。在可用电源不足的情况下，我们描述了必须购买的最小电量来为负载提供服务。此外，我们调查的远期市场，消费者可以购买持续时间差异化的服务的实施。我们首先刻画了社会福利最大化问题，然后证明了在这个远期市场中存在一个有效的竞争均衡。
The problem of balancing supply and demand in the power grid becomes more challenging with the integration of uncertain and intermittent renewable supply. The usual scheme of supply following load may not be appropriate for large penetration levels of renewable supply. The reason is the increased level of reserves required to maintain a reliable grid, which affects both operational costs (reserves are expensive) and the environmental benefits of renewables (on-line reserves might increase CO2 emissions). An alternative paradigm is to use demand side flexibility for power balance. In this paper, we focus on one particular way of exploiting the demand side flexibility. We consider a group of loads with each load requiring a constant power level for a specified duration within an operational period. The loads are differentiated in terms of the duration of service they require. The flexibility of a load resides in the fact that the power delivery may occur at any subset of the total operational period. We consider the problems of scheduling, control and market implementation for a continuum of these loads. If the loads and the available power are known in advance, we find conditions under which the available power can service all the loads, and we describe an algorithm that constructs an appropriate allocation. In the event the available supply is inadequate, we characterize the minimum amount of power that must be purchased to service the loads. In addition, we investigate the implementation of a forward market in which consumers can purchase duration differentiated services. We first characterize the social welfare maximization problem and then show the existence of an efficient competitive equilibrium in this forward market.