Degrees of statehood
Degrees of statehood
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国家地位
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
C. Clapham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Clapham
本文探讨了国家地位和国际体系之间的关系，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲国家。正如标题所暗示的那样，它表明，国家地位应被视为一个相对的概念；我们不应明确区分哪些实体是国家，哪些不是国家，而应将不同的实体或多或少地视为符合国际国家地位的标准。我们习惯于视为国家的实体，至少为了在国际关系中研究它们，有时甚至无法行使与国家权力有关的最低限度的责任，而那些控制这些实体的人的行为也不是通常归因于国家“尺子”的方式。未被赋予国家地位的实体，如游击队叛乱，甚至是志愿组织，可能具有习惯上与主权国家地位有关的属性。这一结论至少是一个有益的警告，不要过于轻易地将所谓的国家普遍特征归因于现代全球体系的边缘领域，在这些领域中，我们习惯于看待国际政治的类别已经变得模糊。更广泛地说，考虑到国家在传统的国际关系分析中的特殊和特权地位，它可能会对国际关系概念本身产生重大影响。
This paper explores the relationship between statehood and the international system, with particular reference to the states of sub-Saharan Africa. It suggests, as the title implies, that statehood should be regarded as a relative concept; and that rather than distinguish sharply between entities that are, and are not, states, we should regard different entities as meeting the criteria for international statehood to a greater or lesser degree. Entities which we have been accustomed to regard as states, at least for the purposes of studying them in international relations, sometimes fail to exercise even the minimal responsibilities associated with state power, while those who control them do not behave in the way that is normally ascribed to the ‘rulers’ of states. Entities that are not accorded the status of states, such as guerrilla insurgencies or even voluntary organizations, may take on attributes that have customarily been associated with sovereign statehood. This conclusion carries at least a salutary warning against too readily ascribing the supposedly universal characteristics of states to peripheral areas of the modern global system, in which the categories in which we are accustomed to regard international politics have become blurred. More broadly, given the peculiar and privileged position of states in the conventional analysis of international relations, it may carry significant implications for the idea of international relations itself.