Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to acute psychosocial stress: Effects of biological sex and circulating sex hormones.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to acute psychosocial stress: Effects of biological sex and circulating sex hormones.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.021
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wand GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stephens MA;Mahon PB;McCaul ME;Wand GS
下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的失调会影响发生应激相关疾病的风险。HPA轴应激反应中的性别差异被认为是导致男性和女性压力相关疾病患病率不同的原因。然而，对HPA轴应激反应的研究表明，性别差异的支持程度参差不齐，而内源性性激素对HPA轴反应的作用在人类中还没有得到充分的研究。这项研究使用了迄今为止最大的样本量来分析生物性和性激素对HPA轴社会应激反应的影响。健康的18至30岁的社区志愿者(N=282)完成了Trier社会压力测试(TSST)，这是一种广泛使用和经过充分验证的压力诱导实验室程序。所有女性(n=135)在月经周期的卵泡期(孕酮水平与男性最接近)进行测试。在TSST前后的多个时间点采集促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和皮质醇水平。在TSST前测定睾酮和孕酮(男性)和孕酮和雌二醇(女性)。在TSST之后，男性的ACTH和皮质醇水平高于女性。男性的ACTH和皮质醇反应斜率从基线到峰值和峰值到终点比女性更陡峭；男性的皮质醇反应者比女性更多。在男性中，睾酮与唾液皮质醇反应呈负相关，在女性中，孕酮与ACTH和皮质醇反应呈负相关。这些数据证实，在月经周期的卵泡期，男性对TSST的HPA轴反应表现出比女性更强烈的激活。结果表明，睾酮对男性HPA轴的反应性有抑制作用。孕酮结果表明，对女性的HPA轴反应性有抑制作用。还需要进一步的工作来解释为什么男性在月经周期的卵泡期比女性对TSST产生更大的ACTH和皮质醇反应。
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis influences the risk for developing stress-related disorders. Sex-dependent differences in the HPA axis stress response are believed to contribute to the different prevalence rates of stress-related disorders found in men and women. However, studies examining the HPA axis stress response have shown mixed support for sex differences, and the role of endogenous sex hormones on HPA axis response has not been adequately examined in humans. This study utilized the largest sample size to date to analyze the effects of biological sex and sex hormones on HPA axis social stress responses. Healthy, 18- to 30- year-old community volunteers (N=282) completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a widely used and well-validated stress-induction laboratory procedure. All women (n=135) were tested during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (when progesterone levels are most similar to men). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol measures were collected at multiple points throughout pre- and post-TSST. Testosterone and progesterone (in men) and progesterone and estradiol (in women) were determined pre-TSST. Following the TSST, men had greater ACTH and cortisol levels than women. Men had steeper baseline-to-peak and peak-to-end ACTH and cortisol response slopes than women; there was a trend for more cortisol responders among men than women. Testosterone negatively correlated with salivary cortisol response in men, while progesterone negatively correlated with ACTH and cortisol responses in women. These data confirm that men show more robust activation of the HPA axis response to the TSST than do women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Testosterone results suggest an inhibitory effect on HPA axis reactivity in men. Progesterone results suggest an inhibitory effect on HPA axis reactivity in women. Future work is needed to explain why men mount a greater ACTH and cortisol response to the TSST than do women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.