Big data, data privacy, and plant and animal disease research using GEMS
Big data, data privacy, and plant and animal disease research using GEMS
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使用 GEMS 进行大数据、数据隐私以及动植物疾病研究
DOI：
10.1002/agj2.20933
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Silverstein, Kevin A. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Senay, Senait D.;Shurson, Gerald C.;Cardona, Carol;Silverstein, Kevin A. T.
确保全球粮食安全的主要挑战之一是影响全球粮食供应系统生产力和效率的不断变化的生物风险。威胁粮食安全的生物风险包括影响采前和采后陆地农业和水产养殖的病虫害。尽量减少这种风险的战略在很大程度上取决于植物和动物疾病的研究。随着以高空间和时间分辨率收集的数据越来越多，用于评估和预测生物风险的流行病学模型变得更加准确，因此也更加有用。然而，随着大数据机遇的出现，出现了许多挑战，限制了研究人员获取关于病原体及其相关环境和宿主的复杂、多来源、多尺度数据。在这些挑战中，最大的限制因素之一是数据所有者和收集者对数据隐私的担忧。虽然解决方案（如使用去识别和匿名化工具来保护敏感信息）被认为是动植物疾病研究人员使用的有效做法，但相对而言，研究人员可以访问的包含数据隐私的设计平台较少。我们描述了用于数据共享和分析平台的一般思维和设计如何从本质上解决许多与数据隐私相关的挑战，这些挑战是研究人员想要访问数据的障碍。我们还描述了如何通过GEMS信息学平台解决植物和动物疾病研究人员面临的一些数据隐私问题。
One of the major challenges in ensuring global food security is the ever‐changing biotic risk affecting the productivity and efficiency of the global food supply system. Biotic risks that threaten food security include pests and diseases that affect pre‐ and postharvest terrestrial agriculture and aquaculture. Strategies to minimize this risk depend heavily on plant and animal disease research. As data collected at high spatial and temporal resolutions become increasingly available, epidemiological models used to assess and predict biotic risks have become more accurate and, thus, more useful. However, with the advent of Big Data opportunities, a number of challenges have arisen that limit researchers’ access to complex, multi‐sourced, multi‐scaled data collected on pathogens, and their associated environments and hosts. Among these challenges, one of the most limiting factors is data privacy concerns from data owners and collectors. While solutions, such as the use of de‐identifying and anonymizing tools that protect sensitive information are recognized as effective practices for use by plant and animal disease researchers, there are comparatively few platforms that include data privacy by design that are accessible to researchers. We describe how the general thinking and design used for data sharing and analysis platforms can intrinsically address a number of these data privacy‐related challenges that are a barrier to researchers wanting to access data. We also describe how some of the data privacy concerns confronting plant and animal disease researchers are addressed by way of the GEMS informatics platform.