The rising burden of cancer in the developing world
The rising burden of cancer in the developing world
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DOI：
10.1093/annonc/mdl983
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
50.5
通讯作者：
Kanavos, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kanavos, P.
癌症仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。据预测，到2020年，全球癌症新发病例将增加到1500万以上，死亡人数将增加到1200万。癌症发病率、发病率和死亡率的大部分负担将发生在发展中国家。这构成了更大的流行病学转变的一部分，在这一转变中，慢性非传染性疾病的负担--曾经仅限于工业化国家--现在在欠发达国家正在增加。除了与饮食、烟草、酒精、缺乏锻炼和工业接触有关的累积风险外，发展中国家已经背负着癌症的负担，其中一些可归因于传染病。癌症风险方面的这些差异，加上难以获得流行病学数据、研究、治疗以及癌症控制和预防，共同导致发展中国家一系列特定恶性肿瘤的存活率大大降低。本文总结了发展中国家和发达国家在癌症流行病学和存活率方面的最新趋势，并探讨了欠发达国家癌症负担不成比例和不断增长的潜在原因和政策反应。这些应对措施可以包括提高认识以及教育和培训，以促进更知情的决策，以及改进癌症监测、早期发现和强调预防。改善保健筹资以及国际倡议和/或伙伴关系也可进一步推动将资源用于迫切需要的地方。
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is predicted that by 2020, the number of new cases of cancer in the world will increase to more than 15 million, with deaths increasing to 12 million. Much of the burden of cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality will occur in the developing world. This forms part of a larger epidemiological transition in which the burden of chronic, non-communicable disease-once limited to industrialized nations-is now increasing in less developed countries. In addition to the accumulating risks associated with diet, tobacco, alcohol, lack of exercise, and industrial exposures, the developing world is already burdened by cancers some of which are attributable to infectious diseases. These disparities in cancer risk combined with poor access to epidemiological data, research, treatment, and cancer control and prevention combine to result in significantly poorer survival rates in developing countries for a range of specific malignancies. This paper summarizes the recent trends in the epidemiology and survival of cancers in the developing and developed world, and explores potential causes and policy responses to the disproportionate and growing cancer burden in less developed countries. Such responses may include raising awareness as well as education and training to foster better informed decision - making, together with improved cancer surveillance, early detection and emphasis on prevention. Improved health care financing and international initiatives and/or partnerships could also provide additional impetus in targeting resources where needed urgently.