Editorial: Information sharing-Easy to say much harder to do than we want to believe!
Editorial: Information sharing-Easy to say much harder to do than we want to believe!
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社论：信息共享——说起来容易做起来比我们想象的要困难得多！
DOI：
10.1080/09540962.2019.1611231
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wilson R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson R
在这一点上，眼前的景象似乎令人沮丧地熟悉，因为我们被要求在思考信息共享问题时关注的问题种类。这些是过去20年（或更长时间）英国整合健康和社会护理、儿童、青年和家庭以及基于地方的举措的政策的“老兵”（例如“总名额”、权力下放等）（Wilson，Martin，沃尔什，& Richter，2011; Cornford，Wilson，Baines，& Richardson，2013; McLoughlin，Wilson，& Martin，2013; Richardson & Asthana，2013;信息共享卓越中心，2018年）。我们是一群学者和从业者，他们在数据和信息共享挑战方面工作了15年以上。我们为我们的系列研讨会设定了一个值得称赞但也许雄心勃勃的目标，即通过新的研究、政策影响活动和国家和国际知识交流，使信息共享成功成为常态，而不是例外。一系列事件证实了我们对信息共享作为一个领域的一些明智的预感，这些事件表明，信息共享问题确实是异质的，并跨越各种各样的学科、政策、实践、专业和时间背景（Dawes，1996; Gil-Garcia，Chenguan-Smith，& Duchessi，2007; Bellamy，Raab，Warren，& Heeney，2007; Yang &麦克斯韦，2011; Bharosa，Lee，& Janssen，2012; Wilson & Gray，2015）。我们的一项活动包括在伦敦内阁办公室启动信息共享卓越中心，在那里，我们有幸了解了拿破仑时代的信息共享故事，以及特拉法尔加战役胜利的信息到达伦敦政府的途径（271英里，38小时，21次换马--被称为“特拉法尔加之路”：早期的信息供应链故事）。其他会议包括使用地方政府和商业信息进行研究数据，包括大数据计划在公共部门紧缩和商业利益面前获取数据所面临的挑战，以及通过从基于调查的方法转向通过中介收集信息来进行英国人口普查。我们还听到了由Nesta资助的英格兰权力下放地区数据分析办公室的倡议;以及消防和救援服务思考和使用数据和信息的新兴方式，从基于历史的财产焦点转变为更广泛的社区安全透镜。最后，我们发现了来自美国、意大利、新西兰和澳大利亚的国际视角，在这些国家，该术语具有不同的含义，并有一系列灾害管理、劳动力市场和个人隐私的框架。我们可以从这个“丰富的挂毯”中观察到很多东西，但对我们来说，引人注目的是，背景的多样性往往与连接问题本质上的同质性有关。我们的PMM主题中的贡献反映了这一点，自然分为两类。首先，在信息共享的实践中不断学习，在复杂的应用领域工作的人报告了他们对信息共享混乱挑战的观察。第二部分是从信息共享实践的混战中后退一步，研究数据和信息共享的手段和目的的流行假设的概念框架。
At that point, the immediate landscape seemed depressingly familiar in terms of the sorts of presenting problems we were asked to focus on in thinking through the issues of the sharing of information. These were the ‘veterans’ of the past 20 years (or more) of UK policy of integrating health and social care, children, young people and families and place-based initiatives (for example ‘total place’, devolution and so on)(Wilson, Martin, Walsh, & Richter, 2011; Cornford, Wilson, Baines, & Richardson, 2013; McLoughlin, Wilson, & Martin, 2013; Richardson & Asthana, 2013; Centre of Excellence for Information Sharing, 2018). We were a group of academics and practitioners who had been working on aspects of the data and information sharing challenge for over 15 years. We set out with a laudable, but perhaps ambitious, aim for our seminar series, which was to make information sharing success the norm rather than the exception, through new research, policy impact activity and knowledge exchange, nationally and internationally. A number of our informed hunches about information sharing as a domain were confirmed through the series of events that showed that the information sharing problem is truly heterogeneous and spread across a wide variety of academic disciplines, policies, practices, professional and temporal contexts (Dawes, 1996; Gil-Garcia, Chengalur-Smith, & Duchessi, 2007; Bellamy, Raab, Warren, & Heeney, 2007; Yang & Maxwell, 2011; Bharosa, Lee, & Janssen, 2012; Wilson & Gray, 2015). One of our engagements included the launch of Centre of Excellence for Information Sharing at the Cabinet Office in London, where we were regaled with a story of information sharing in Napoleonic times and the route that the information of victory at the Battle of Trafalgar took to reach the government in London (271 miles, 38 hours, 21 changes of horse—known as the ‘Trafalgar Way’: an early information supply chain tale). Other sessions included the use of local government and business information for research data, including the challenges faced by Big Data initiatives in acquiring data in the face of public sector austerity and commercial interests, and taking the UK Census by moving from a survey-based approach to the collection of information via intermediaries. We also heard from the Nesta-funded Office of Data Analytics initiative in devolution areas in England; and about the emerging ways in which fire and rescue services think and use data and information changing from a historical propertybased focus to a wider lens of community safety. Finally, we discovered the international perspectives from the USA, Italy, New Zealand and Australia where the term has different meaning and a range of framings from disaster management, labour markets and personal privacy. We can observe much from this ‘rich tapestry’but, for us, the striking thing was that diversity of context was often allied to homogeneity in nature of the joining-up problem. The contributions in our PMM theme reflect this and naturally fall into two categories. First, the learning going on in the doing of information sharing where those working on, in and with complex applied areas report on their observations about the challenges of the messiness of information sharing. The second part is comprised of contributions taking a step back from the melee of the information sharing practice to examine the conceptual framings underlying the prevailing assumptions about the means and ends of data and information sharing.