Terahertz Readable Laser Tags for Information Storage and Traceability
Terahertz Readable Laser Tags for Information Storage and Traceability
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用于信息存储和可追溯性的太赫兹可读激光标签
DOI：
10.1093/micmic/ozad067.406
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tavousi, Pouya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoveida, Pouria;Phoulady, Adrian;Choi, Hongbin;May, Nicholas;Shahbazmohamadi, Sina;Tavousi, Pouya
假冒伪劣产品给政府、行业和社会带来了巨大的经济、安全和健康风险。假冒微电子产品是每年数十亿美元损失的原因，假冒药品每天危及数千人的生命。也许可以用来降低假冒产品风险的最有效的措施是避免使用它们。这就需要确定产品的来源，使产品可以追溯到其制造根源。目前使用了几种技术来部分解决这个问题。这些包括条形码、无源和有源RFID等。尽管这些方法在解决一些可追溯性问题方面部分有效，但仍存在一些挑战。这些标识符的主要挑战是它们本身也容易被伪造。伪造者可以尝试通过克隆现有的标识符来将产品伪装成真实的，这在条形码的情况下是一件容易的工作。虽然已经提出了更复杂的方法，但这些方法通常存在与实施、处理和读出相关的高成本以及易用性问题。通常，有效的可追溯性解决方案必须满足以下标准，以便其可以被行业和政府广泛采用，作为克服现有假冒问题的手段：（1）在产品中嵌入标识符应该是廉价的;（2）身份识别特征必须是独一无二的;（3）身份识别特征必须是不可改变的，即任何改变身份识别特征的企图都必须是可以识别的，并造成身份识别特征的破坏;（4）身份识别特征必须易于阅读，最好是以被动方式阅读（即无需为设备加电），适用于现场和大批量应用;（5）标识符必须标准化，以便能够被广泛采用，这是其有效性的关键;（6）标识符必须不可克隆。我们介绍了一种新的方法，可以潜在地解决上述所有标准。所提出的技术利用超短脉冲激光以快速和廉价的方式创建独特的、不可克隆的、不可变的物理标签。它还利用远场太赫兹（THz）光谱学以非破坏性方式阅读表面和表面下标签。本文的重点是调查所描述的方法的可行性的不同方面，对开发一个通用的解决方案，广泛的跟踪应用。研究了到达时间太赫兹成像用于区分不同深度激光标记的可行性以及这种阅读的分辨率。此外，太赫兹阅读的激光雕刻参数，已用于创建标记的灵敏度进行了研究。所提出的方法用于创建高信息密度标记（即，每单位面积的大量数据）的能力进行评估，通过调查捕获的表面轮廓，包括具有不同高度值的区域的可行性。最后，太赫兹阅读方法捕获地下标签的能力进行了探讨。
Counterfeit products impose huge economical, security and health risks on governments, industries and societies. Counterfeit microelectronics are the reason behind billions of annual dollar loss and counterfeit pharmaceuticals endanger thousands of lives every day. Perhaps the most effective action that can be employed to mitigate the risk of counterfeit products is to avoid using them. This requires establishing provenance, where products can be traced back to their manufacturing roots. Several techniques are currently used to partly address this issue. These include barcodes, passive and active RFIDs, etc. Despite the partial effectiveness of such methods in addressing some of the traceability issues, several challenges remain. The main challenge of these identifiers is that they themselves are also prone to counterfeiting. The counterfeiters can attempt to disguise a product as authentic by cloning the existing identifiers, which is an easy job in the case of barcodes. Although more sophisticated methods have been proposed, these methods often suffer from high costs associated with implementation, handling and readout as well as ease of use issues.In general, an effective traceability solution has to meet the following criteria so that it can be widely adopted by the industries and governments as a means to overcome the existing counterfeit issues:(1) Embedment of identifiers in products should be inexpensive;(2) Identifiers must be unique;(3) Identifiers must be immutable in the sense that any attempt to mutate them must be identifiable and causing destruction of the identifier;(4) Identifiers must be easily readable, preferably in a passive fashion (ie, no need for powering up the device) to be suitable for field and high-volume applications;(5) Identifiers must be standardized so that they can be adopted widely, which is key for their effectiveness;(6) Identifiers must be unclonable. We introduce a novel approach that can potentially address all of the criteria listed above. The proposed technique utilizes ultrashort pulsed laser for creating unique, unclonable, immutable physical tags, in a rapid and inexpensive fashion. It further utilizes far field Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy for reading surface and subsurface tags in a nondestructive fashion. The focus of this paper is investigating different aspects of the feasibility of the described method, towards developing a universal solution for a wide range of tracing applications. The feasibility of time-of-arrival THz imaging for distinguishing laser marks with different depth and the resolution of such reading is investigated. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the THz reading to the laser engraving parameters that have been used for creating the mark is studied. The ability of the proposed method for creating high-information-density marks (ie, large amounts of data per unit area) is assessed by investigating the feasibility of capturing a surface profile, consisting of regions with different height values. Finally, the ability of the THz reading method for capturing subsurface tags is explored.