PENELOPE - AN ALGORITHM FOR MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF THE PENETRATION AND ENERGY-LOSS OF ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS IN MATTER
PENELOPE - AN ALGORITHM FOR MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF THE PENETRATION AND ENERGY-LOSS OF ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS IN MATTER
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DOI：
10.1016/0168-583x(95)00349-5
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
SALVAT, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARO, J;SEMPAU, J;SALVAT, F
描述了物质中相对论电子和正电子输运的蒙特卡罗模拟混合算法。不同相互作用机制的横截面通过允许使用纯分析方法生成随机轨迹的表达式来近似。详细模拟了散射角大于预先选定的截止值的硬弹性碰撞，以及能量损失大于给定截止值的硬非弹性碰撞和辐射事件。通过多重散射方法模拟软相互作用，其散射角或能量损失小于相应的截止值。该算法可以正确处理横向位移，并完全避免与界面交叉相关的困难。模拟结果表明，在所采用的截止值变化的情况下，模拟是稳定的；这些可以做得很大，从而大大加快模拟速度，而不会改变结果。通过仿真结果与实验数据的比较证明了算法的可靠性。对于动能低至几 keV 的电子和正电子，发现了良好的一致性。
A mixed algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of relativistic electron and positron transport in matter is described. Cross sections for the different interaction mechanisms are approximated by expressions that permit the generation of random tracks by using purely analytical methods. Hard elastic collisions, with scattering angle greater than a preselected cutoff value, and hard inelastic collisions and radiative events, with energy loss larger than given cutoff values, are simulated in detail. Soft interactions, with scattering angle or energy loss less than the corresponding cutoffs, are simulated by means of multiple scattering approaches. This algorithm handles lateral displacements correctly and completely avoids difficulties related with interface crossing. The simulation is shown to be stable under variations of the adopted cutoffs; these can be made quite large, thus speeding up the simulation considerably, without altering the results. The reliability of the algorithm is demonstrated through a comparison of simulation results with experimental data. Good agreement is found for electrons and positrons with kinetic energies down to a few keV.