Is 'age at first drink' a useful concept in alcohol research and prevention? We doubt that
Is 'age at first drink' a useful concept in alcohol research and prevention? We doubt that
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DOI：
10.1111/add.12980
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Kuntsche, Sandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuntsche, Emmanuel;Rossow, Ingeborg;Kuntsche, Sandra
目的探讨首次饮酒年龄（AFD）概念在酒精研究和预防中的不足。方法叙述性文献综述。结果从一口不同的消费几个完整的饮料，有时包括特定条件的规格（如未经父母同意），没有确切的定义和操作的AFD被发现。证据显示，当同一个人报告他们的AFD两次或两次以上的重测信度差。理论论据和经验证据都无法解释为什么比同龄人早喝一口或一杯会导致更严重的饮酒和以后的相关问题。其他解释，如自我选择，第三变量的影响和系统性报告偏倚在大多数研究中没有考虑。这些缺点也使渔农处不适合作为潜在问题的指标或标志，如行为问题和学业失败。再加上不合理的因果推论，这导致了过度强调推迟AFD的相关性，以防止以后生活中的问题。结论我们主张将酒精研究和预防的重点从AFD转移到更好地了解从不频繁，低量饮酒到更有害的饮酒模式的进展以及预防相关的急性和短期伤害。
Aim To address and discuss the weaknesses of age at first drink (AFD) as a concept in alcohol research and prevention. Methods Narrative literature review. Results Varying from one sip to the consumption of several full drinks, and sometimes including the specification of particular conditions (e.g. without parental consent), no exact definition and operationalization of AFD was found. Evidence reveals poor test-retest reliability when the same individuals report their AFD two or more times. Theoretical arguments and empirical evidence fail to explain why having one sip or one drink earlier than peers should cause heavier drinking and related problems later in life. Alternative explanations such as self-selection, third variable effects and systematic report bias are not considered in most studies. These shortcomings also make AFD unsuitable as an indicator or marker of underlying problems such as conduct problems and academic failure. Together with unjustified causal inferences, this has led to an over-emphasis on the relevance of postponing AFD as away to prevent problems later in life. Conclusion We argue in favour of shifting the focus of alcohol research and prevention away from AFD towards a better understanding of the progression from infrequent, low-quantity drinking to more detrimental drinking patterns and the prevention of associated acute and short-term harm.