The Reciprocity of Environment and Action in Self-Righting Beetles: The Textures of the Ground and an Object, and the Claws
The Reciprocity of Environment and Action in Self-Righting Beetles: The Textures of the Ground and an Object, and the Claws
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DOI：
10.1080/10407413.2016.1163983
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
M. Sasaki;Tetsushi Nonaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Sasaki;Tetsushi Nonaka
摘要观察了日本甲虫自我扶正以恢复对地定向的过程。对室内环境中的自正过程的视频观察表明，实现自正的环境特性是：(A)基材表面的质地；(B)可由甲虫抓住并摆动的柔软、可变形的物体；(C)基材与硬物之间的间隙，使甲虫能够螺旋式旋转。结合这些特性，甲虫的自我扶正形成了三种环境-作用系统：“表面纹理/腿尖系统”；“四肢握持的软物/地面上的圆背系统”；以及“地面上的硬物/多肢/圆背系统”。在多个个体上进行的对照实验进一步表明，对自我扶正有意义的不是局部的、离散的表面纹理，而是动物周围表面纹理的更高级别组合。在此基础上，讨论了甲虫活动的灵活性、甲虫对环境定向的环境特征、甲虫四肢远端的特征以及它们之间的相互作用。
ABSTRACT The process of self-righting to recover the orientation to the ground was observed in Japanese beetles. Video observation of self-righting processes in an indoor environment suggested that the properties of the environment that afforded self-righting were (a) texture of the substrate surface; (b) a soft, deformable object that can be held on to and swung by a beetle; and (c) the gap between the substrate and a hard object that afforded a spiral-like rotation of a beetle. Incorporating such properties, self-righting of beetles emerged as 3 kinds of environment–action systems: a “surface texture/leg tip system”; a “soft object held by limbs/round back on the ground system”; and a “hard object/multiple limbs/round back on the ground system.” Controlled experiments on multiple individuals further revealed that what is meaningful to self-righting is not a local, discrete texture of a surface but a higher order combination of textures of surfaces surrounding the animal. Based on the results, flexibility of action, properties of the environment that afford beetles’ orientation to the surroundings, and the features of the distal tip of the limbs of beetles, as well as the reciprocity among them, are discussed.