A Critical Theory Route to Hegemony, World Order and Historical Change
A Critical Theory Route to Hegemony, World Order and Historical Change
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通往霸权、世界秩序和历史变迁的批判理论路线
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Morton
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Bieler;A. Morton
罗伯特·考克斯的著作在20世纪80年代出现了与主流国际关系（IR）方法的重大突破，它位于社会转型的历史唯物主义问题中，并采用了意大利马克思主义者安东尼奥·葛兰西的许多见解。国际关系中的主流霸权路线发展了一种静态的政治理论，一种抽象的非历史的国家概念和对普遍有效性的呼吁（例如Keohane，1984，1989; Waltz，1979），与此相反，辩论转向了霸权，世界秩序和历史变革的批判理论（经典批判，见阿什利，1984）。批判性的霸权理论不是为了解决问题而关注社会权力关系的维持，而是将注意力引向对世界现行秩序的质疑。它“并不认为制度、社会关系和权力关系是理所当然的，而是通过关注它们的起源以及它们是否可能处于变化过程中来质疑它们”（考克斯，1981年，第129页）。因此，它特别重要，因为它要问现有的社会或世界秩序是如何形成的，规范、制度或做法是如何产生的，以及什么力量可能具有改变或改造现行秩序的解放潜力。
Situated within a historical materialist problematic of social transformation and deploying many insights from the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, a crucial break with mainstream International Relations (IR) approaches emerged by the 1980s in the work of Robert Cox. In contrast to mainstream routes to hegemony in IR, which develop a static theory of politics, an abstract ahistorical conception of the state and an appeal to universal validity (e.g. Keohane, 1984, 1989; Waltz, 1979), debate shifted towards a critical theory of hegemony, world order and historical change (for the classic critique, see Ashley, 1984). Rather than a problem-solving preoccupation with the maintenance of social power relationships, a critical theory of hegemony directs attention to questioning the prevailing order of the world. It ‘does not take institutions and social and power relations for granted but calls them into question by concerning itself with their origins and whether they might be in the process of changing’ (Cox, 1981, p. 129). Thus, it is specifically critical in the sense of asking how existing social or world orders have come into being, how norms, institutions or practices therefore emerge, and what forces may have the emancipatory potential to change or transform the prevailing order.