WMO Evaluation of Two Extreme High Temperatures Occurring in February 2020 for the Antarctic Peninsula Region
WMO Evaluation of Two Extreme High Temperatures Occurring in February 2020 for the Antarctic Peninsula Region
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-21-0040.1
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Cerveny, Randall S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Francelino, Marto Rocha;Schaefer, Carlos;Cerveny, Randall S.
世界气象组织（WMO）的一个大气科学家小组评估了两份关于南极地区潜在新纪录高温观测的报告（埃斯佩兰萨站2020年2月6日的18.3摄氏度和巴西西摩岛自动冻土监测站2020年2月9日的20.8摄氏度）。后一个数字被媒体报道为20.75摄氏度。小组审议了天气形势和仪器设置。它确定，该地区上空的一个大的高压系统创造了焚风条件，并导致了两种情况下的局部变暖。对埃斯佩兰萨站观测数据和元数据的审查没有发现重大问题。然而，对西摩岛永久冻土监测站的数据和元数据的分析表明，临时搭建的辐射屏蔽导致温度传感器出现明显的热偏差误差。因此，WMO已接受2020年2月6日1200 LST的18.3摄氏度值（2020年2月6日1500 UTC）在阿根廷埃斯佩兰萨站作为新的“南极地区”（大陆的，包括大陆及邻近岛屿）录得的最高气温观测”但拒绝了巴西西摩岛永久冻土自动监测站20.8摄氏度的观测结果，认为这是有偏差的。该委员会强烈强调，永久冻土监测站的设计并不差，但项目调查人员在失去原来的覆盖物后被迫临时搭建了一个非最佳的辐射屏蔽。第二，关于媒体传播这类信息的问题，委员会敦促在早期宣布时更加谨慎，因为许多媒体往往倾向于耸人听闻和歪曲可能的记录。
Two reports of Antarctic region potential new record high temperature observations (18.3 degrees C, 6 February 2020 at Esperanza station and 20.8 degrees C, 9 February 2020 at a Brazilian automated permafrost monitoring station on Seymour Island) were evaluated by a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) panel of atmospheric scientists. The latter figure was reported as 20.75 degrees C in the media. The panel considered the synoptic situation and instrumental setups. It determined that a large high pressure system over the area created fohn conditions and resulted in local warming for both situations. Examination of the data and metadata of the Esperanza station observation revealed no major concerns. However, analysis of data and metadata of the Seymour Island permafrost monitoring station indicated that an improvised radiation shield led to a demonstrable thermal bias error for the temperature sensor. Consequently, the WMO has accepted the 18.3 degrees C value for 1200 LST 6 February 2020 (1500 UTC 6 February 2020) at the Argentine Esperanza station as the new "Antarctic region (continental, including mainland and surrounding islands) highest temperature recorded observation" but rejected the 20.8 degrees C observation at the Brazilian automated Seymour Island permafrost monitoring station as biased. The committee strongly emphasizes the permafrost monitoring station was not badly designed for its purpose, but the project investigators were forced to improvise a nonoptimal radiation shield after losing the original covering. Second, with regard to media dissemination of this type of information, the committee urges increased caution in early announcements as many media outlets often tend to sensationalize and mischaracterize potential records.