A 2,300-year-old architectural and astronomical complex in the Chincha Valley, Peru
A 2,300-year-old architectural and astronomical complex in the Chincha Valley, Peru
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秘鲁钦查山谷一座拥有 2,300 年历史的建筑和天文综合体
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1406501111
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Griffin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Stanish;Henry Tantaleán;B. Nigra;L. Griffin
最近在秘鲁南海岸的考古发现表明，帕拉卡斯时期的人们建造了一套复杂的地理文字，以纪念仪式土丘和住宅遗址。这个地区的帕拉卡斯社会在开阔的沙漠中创造了一个人造或人工景观，以调解周期性的社会事件。其中一些建筑特色是在冬至期间面向日落。这些数据提供了对无国籍社会中人们组织社会、经济和政治生活的方式的深入了解。社会单位、劳动力和天文学意义重大的时期相互交织，吸引着参与者关注山谷中部的周期性事件。这个案例研究完善了我们对古代国家发展之前人类社会进化过程的理解。最近对秘鲁南海岸的考古研究发现了一个晚期帕拉卡斯（约1000年）。公元前400-100年）土墩和地质地貌复杂的中部Chincha谷。这个复杂的建筑群由线性的地理地貌、圆形的岩石特征、仪式土丘和分布在40平方公里区域内的定居点组成。这种文化改造景观的一个显著特征是，地质地貌线汇聚在土丘和居住地上，形成离散的集群。同样，这些星团包含许多成对的线段和至少两个U形结构，标志着古代六月至日的日落。三个土丘的挖掘证实它们建于帕拉卡斯晚期。因此，钦查复合体比南部更著名的纳斯卡线早了几个世纪，并提供了对帕拉卡斯社会中地质地貌和平台土丘的发展和使用的深入了解。这里提供的数据表明，帕拉卡斯人精心设计了一个结构化、仪式化的景观，以划分关键仪式和社会活动的区域和时间。
Significance Recent archaeological discoveries on the south coast of Peru demonstrate that Paracas period peoples constructed a complex set of geoglyphs to mark ceremonial mounds and residential sites. Paracas societies in this region created a built or artificial landscape in an open desert to mediate periodic social events. Several of these architectural features were oriented to the sunset during the winter solstice. These data provide insight into the ways by which people in stateless societies organized their social, economic, and political life. Social units, labor, and astronomically significant periods mesh, attracting participants to cyclical events in the midvalley zone. This case study refines our understanding of the processes of human social evolution prior to the development of archaic states. Recent archaeological research on the south coast of Peru discovered a Late Paracas (ca. 400–100 BCE) mound and geoglyph complex in the middle Chincha Valley. This complex consists of linear geoglyphs, circular rock features, ceremonial mounds, and settlements spread over a 40-km2 area. A striking feature of this culturally modified landscape is that the geoglyph lines converge on mounds and habitation sites to form discrete clusters. Likewise, these clusters contain a number of paired line segments and at least two U-shaped structures that marked the setting sun of the June solstice in antiquity. Excavations in three mounds confirm that they were built in Late Paracas times. The Chincha complex therefore predates the better-known Nasca lines to the south by several centuries and provides insight into the development and use of geoglyphs and platform mounds in Paracas society. The data presented here indicate that Paracas peoples engineered a carefully structured, ritualized landscape to demarcate areas and times for key ritual and social activities.