Towards a Better Understanding of the Use of Probiotics for Preventing Chytridiomycosis in Panamanian Golden Frogs
Towards a Better Understanding of the Use of Probiotics for Preventing Chytridiomycosis in Panamanian Golden Frogs
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DOI：
10.1007/s10393-012-0743-0
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gratwicke, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Matthew H.;Harris, Reid N.;Gratwicke, Brian
由于最近的壶菌病流行，巴拿马本地金蛙（Atelopus zeteki）的数量已经崩溃。如果不发展控制野生壶菌病的方法，从圈养保证菌落重新引入的努力不太可能成功。为了开发一种保护性的治疗方案，我们用一种皮肤细菌--青金杆菌（Janthinobacterium lividum）治疗金蛙，这种皮肤细菌已被用于实验性预防北美两栖动物的壶菌病。虽然J. lividum似乎定殖于A. zeteki皮肤暂时，它没有防止或延迟死亡的A。zeteki暴露于壶菌病的病原体-树枝状串珠壶菌。在引入变铅青杆菌后，平均细菌细胞计数达到每只青蛙1.7 x 10（6）个细胞的峰值，与治疗后2周相似，但此后稳步下降。当变铅青节蜱数量下降到每只青蛙2.8 × 10（5）个细胞时，B。树蛙的感染强度增加到每只青蛙超过13，000个游动孢子当量。此时，青蛙开始死于壶菌病。未来的研究将集中在分离和测试来自巴拿马的抗真菌细菌物种，这些细菌可能与Atelopus皮肤更相容。
Populations of native Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki) have collapsed due to a recent chytridiomycosis epidemic. Reintroduction efforts from captive assurance colonies are unlikely to be successful without the development of methods to control chytridiomycosis in the wild. In an effort to develop a protective treatment regimen, we treated golden frogs with Janthinobacterium lividum, a skin bacterium that has been used to experimentally prevent chytridiomycosis in North American amphibians. Although J. lividum appeared to colonize A. zeteki skin temporarily, it did not prevent or delay mortality in A. zeteki exposed to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of chytridiomycosis. After introduction of J. lividum, average bacterial cell counts reached a peak of 1.7 x 10(6) cells per frog similar to 2 weeks after treatment but declined steadily after that. When J. lividum numbers declined to similar to 2.8 x 10(5) cells per frog, B. dendrobatidis infection intensity increased to greater than 13,000 zoospore equivalents per frog. At this point, frogs began to die of chytridiomycosis. Future research will concentrate on isolating and testing antifungal bacterial species from Panama that may be more compatible with Atelopus skin.