SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ACARINE PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS. II. THE ROLE OF SPATIAL PROCESSES IN SYSTEM STABILITY
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ACARINE PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS. II. THE ROLE OF SPATIAL PROCESSES IN SYSTEM STABILITY
复制标题
螨捕食者-猎物相互作用的系统分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
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通讯作者：
G. Nachman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Nachman
(1)利用随机模拟模型分析了系统大小、个体在植物间的短距离和长距离扩散以及植物内捕食者和被捕食者的空间重合等空间特征对植绥螨捕食者、叶螨被捕食者和寄主植物组成的系统的种群动态、持久性和稳定性的影响。(2)分析表明，持久性增加的植物在系统中的数量。由少数宿主植物组成的系统是非常不稳定的，而较大的系统可以在很宽的参数值范围内实现整体稳定。(3)该系统具有循环稳定性。振荡的幅度随着以下因素的增加而增加：（a）螨类在植物间的扩散速率，（B）长距离和短距离迁移之间的比率，以及（c）捕食者在低猎物密度下发现和杀死猎物的效率。上述因素往往会使不稳定的本地捕食者-被捕食者振荡进入相位。一旦发生这种情况，系统就会变得区域性不稳定。(4)低流动性的螨增加了空间寄生，但可能会导致严重损害寄主植物所造成的植食性猎物。(5)人口统计学的随机性导致内生扰动。由于小的扰动可能导致系统的完全不同的行为，即使物理因素得到完美的控制，在斑块环境中种群动态的可预测性也很低。
(1) A stochastic simulation model was used to analyse the effect of spatial features, such as (a) system size, (b) short and long-distance dispersal of individuals between plants, and (c) spatial coincidence between prey and predators within plants, on the population dynamics, persistence and stability of a system composed of a phytoseiid mite predator, a tetranychid mite prey and a host-plant. (2) The analyses showed that persistence increases with the number of plants in the system. A system consisting of few host-plants is very unstable, whereas larger systems can achieve overall stability for a wide range of parameter values. (3) The system exhibits cyclic stability. The amplitude of the oscillations increases with an increase in (a) the rates of dispersal of mites among plants, (b) the ratio between longand short-distance emigrations, and (c) the efficiency of the predators in finding and killing prey at low prey densities. The above factors tend to bring unstable local predatorprey oscillations into phase. Once this occurs, the system becomes regionally unstable. (4) Low mobility of the mites increases spatial asynchrony but may result in serious damage to the host-plants inflicted by the phytophagous prey. (5) Demographic stochasticity causes endogenous perturbations. Since small perturbations may lead to a completely different behaviour of the system, predictability of population dynamics in a patchy environment will be low, even if physical factors were perfectly controlled.