Gut microbiome of wood-feeding termites
Gut microbiome of wood-feeding termites
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DOI：
10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20170076
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yang, Hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Danhong;Wang, Yu;Yang, Hong
白蚁是自然生态系统中有效的木质纤维素降解者。在长期的进化过程中，白蚁发展出了不同的策略，在肠道微生物组的帮助下有效分解木质纤维素。食木白蚁具有源自白蚁及其微生物群的双纤维素分解系统。在低等白蚁中，木材颗粒主要被宿主前肠和中肠分泌的内源纤维素酶消化，然后被白蚁后肠中的大量鞭毛虫几乎完全分解。发酵产物是乙酸盐、二氧化碳和氢气。以木材为食的高等白蚁在进化过程中失去了鞭毛。木材颗粒主要被宿主分泌的内源性纤维素酶消化，随后被白蚁后肠中的共生细菌降解。培养真菌的白蚁在真菌巢中培养的白蚁及其肠道微生物群的帮助下降解木材颗粒。白蚁肠道内的共生微生物可能参与固氮和尿酸水解、代谢中间体的利用和转化、木质纤维素的降解等生物过程。研究和仿制白蚁高效木质纤维素降解系统对于生物燃料产业的发展具有重要意义。
Termites are efficient lignocellulose degraders in the natural ecosystem. During the long-time evolution, termites have developed different strategies to decompose lignocellulose efficiently with the help of their gut microbiome. Wood-feeding termites have duel-cellulolytic systems that originated from termites and their microbiota. In lower termites, wood particles are digested primarily by endogenous cellulase secreted from the host foregut and midgut and then decomposed almost completely by numerous flagellates in the hindgut of termites. The fermentation products are acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Wood-feeding higher termites lost flagellates during the evolution. Wood particles are digested primarily by endogenous cellulase secreted from the host and are subsequently degraded by symbiotic bacteria in the hindgut of the termites. Fungus-cultivating termites degrade wood particles with the help of Termitomyces they cultivated in the fungus combs and their intestinal microbiota. The symbiotic microbiota in termite guts may involve in bioprocess like nitrogen fixation and uric acid hydrolyzation, utilization and transformation of metabolic intermediates, and degradation of lignocellulose. It is meaningful to study and imitate the highly efficient lignocellulose-degrading system of termites for biofuel industry development.